Doped graphene electronic materials
View Patent ↗A graphene substrate is doped with one or more functional groups to form an electronic device.
1. An optoelectronic device, comprising: a graphene substrate including a first defined region and a second defined region differing in at least one electro-optical property from the first defined region, wherein the first defined region is chemically functionalized with a first dopant species and the second defined region is chemically functionalized with a second dopant species.
2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the at least one electro-optical property includes at least one of optical gain, transmissivity, reflectivity, permittivity, permeability, refractive index, and anisotropy.
3. The device of claim 1 , wherein the optoelectronic device is nonlinear.
4. The device of claim 1 , wherein the optoelectronic device is a plasmonic device.
5. The device of claim 1 , wherein the difference in the electro-optical property is a consequence of the functionalization of the first and second defined regions.
6. The device of claim 1 , further comprising a first interconnect optically connected to the first defined region and a second interconnect optically connected to the second defined region.
7. The device of claim 1 , wherein the first dopant species and the second dopant species are on opposing surfaces of the graphene substrate.
8. The device of claim 1 , wherein the second dopant species differs from the first dopant species.
9. The device of claim 1 , wherein the first dopant species and the second dopant species differ in concentration.
10. The device of claim 1 , wherein the first dopant species includes a first bound moiety affixed to the graphene substrate and a first free moiety removably attached to the first bound moiety.
11. The device of claim 10 , wherein the difference in the electro-optical property is a function of a property of the free moiety.
12. The device of claim 10 , wherein the second dopant species includes a second bound moiety affixed to the graphene substrate and a second free moiety removably attached to the second bound moiety.
13. The device of claim 12 , wherein the first bound moiety and the second bound moiety have the same composition.
14. The device of claim 1 , wherein the first dopant species varies in concentration within the first defined region.
15. An optoelectronic device, comprising: a graphene substrate including a first defined region and a second defined region differing in at least one electro-optical property from the first defined region, wherein the first defined region is chemically functionalized with a first dopant species, and wherein the first region does not include an edge of the graphene substrate.
16. The device of claim 15 , wherein the second defined region is chemically functionalized with a second dopant species.
17. The device of claim 16 , wherein the second dopant species differs from the first dopant species.
18. The device of claim 15 , wherein the optoelectronic device is nonlinear.
19. The device of claim 15 , further comprising a first interconnect optically connected to the first defined region and a second interconnect optically connected to the second defined region.
20. The device of claim 15 , wherein the first dopant species and the second dopant species are on opposing surfaces of the graphene substrate.
21. An optoelectronic circuit, comprising: a graphene substrate including: a first device including a first defined region of the graphene substrate and a second defined region of the graphene substrate differing in at least one electro-optical property from the first defined region, wherein the first defined region is chemically functionalized with a first dopant species; and a second device including a third defined region of the graphene substrate and a fourth defined region of the graphene substrate differing in at least one electro-optical property from the third defined region, wherein the third defined region is chemically functionalized with a second dopant species.
22. The circuit of claim 21 , wherein the first and second dopant species are the same.
23. The circuit of claim 21 , wherein the first and second dopant species differ.
24. The circuit of claim 21 , wherein the first and second devices have substantially the same electro-optical character.
25. The circuit of claim 21 , further comprising a fifth defined region of the graphene substrate that functions as an optical connection between the first and second devices.
26. The device of claim 21 , wherein the first defined region does not include a edge of the graphene substrate.
27. The device of claim 21 , wherein the first dopant species and the second dopant species functionalize opposing surfaces of the graphene substrate.
28. The device of claim 21 , wherein the first device and the second device are positioned on opposing surfaces of the graphene substrate.
29. The device of claim 21 , wherein the second dopant species differs from the first dopant species.
30. The device of claim 21 , wherein the first dopant species includes a plurality of intermixed dopant subspecies.
31. The device of claim 30 , wherein the second dopant species includes at least one member of the plurality of intermixed dopant subspecies.
32. The device of claim 21 , wherein the first dopant species includes a first bound moiety affixed to the graphene substrate and a first free moiety removably attached to the first bound moiety.
33. The device of claim 32 , wherein the difference in the electro-optical property is a function of a property of the free moiety.
34. The device of claim 21 , wherein the first dopant species is intercalated in the graphene substrate.
35. The device of claim 21 , wherein the first dopant species varies in attachment pattern within the first defined region.
36. The device of claim 21 , wherein the first dopant species varies in concentration within the first defined region.