Method and reactor for the preparation of methanol
Improved design of a catalytic method and reactor for the production of methanol at equilibrium conditions whereby methanol as it is formed is separated from the gaseous phase into the liquid phase within the reactor without reducing the catalytic activity of the methanol catalyst. This is achieved by adjusting the boiling point or temperature of a liquid cooling agent being in indirect contact with the catalyst particles and by providing a specific ratio of catalyst bed volume to cooling surface area. Thereby, condensation of methanol as it is formed in the gaseous phase takes place for the most at the cooling surface arranged evenly distributed within the reactor and if at all within a very limited region of the catalyst bed.
1. A method of preparing methanol, comprising the steps of
reacting a synthesis gas containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide in a fixed bed reactor of methanol synthesis catalyst particles being indirectly cooled with a cooling agent, and
condensing methanol as it is formed on a cooling surface by adjusting pressure of the cooling agent to provide a boiling point (TBW) of the cooling agent between 60° C. and 170° C., and maintaining the catalyst temperature above dew point of the methanol by adjusting area of the cooling surface (ACOOL) in such a way that ratio (Z) of settled catalyst bulk volume (VCAT) to multiplication product of area of the cooling surface (ACCOL) and equivalent diameter of the catalyst (DEQ) is between 2.0 and 30, where the equivalent diameter of the catalyst is calculated by means of the following equations:
DEQ 1 =(6*(volume of a particle of the methanol synthesis catalyst[m 3 ]/3.14) 0.33 with catalyst particles of the same size, or
DEQ 2 =(Σ w ( i )*(DEQ( i ) 3 )) 0.33 ,
where:
w(i) is the weight fraction of catalyst particles with an equivalent diameter of DEQ(i)[m].
2. A method according to claim 1 , wherein temperature of the methanol catalyst particles is maintained above the dew point of the methanol by a heating agent including pressurized water with a boiling point between 220° C. and 280° C., steam with a dew point between 220° C. and 280° C. or a mixture thereof, the heating agent being passed through an internal heating means having a surface area so that ratio of the surface of heating means to the surface of the cooling area (ACOOL) is between 0.3 and 3.0.
3. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the boiling point of the cooling agent is between 100° C. and 160° C. and the ratio Z is between 2.0 and 15.
4. A method of preparing methanol, comprising the steps of
reacting a synthesis gas containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide in a fixed bed reactor of methanol synthesis catalyst particles being indirectly cooled with a cooling agent, and
condensing methanol as it is formed on a cooling surface by adjusting pressure of the cooling agent to provide an average temperature (TBW) of the cooling agent between 20° C. and 170° C., and maintaining the catalyst temperature above dew point of the methanol by adjusting area of the cooling surface (ACOOL) in such a way that ratio (Z) of settled catalyst bulk volume to product of area of the cooling surface (ACCOL) and equivalent diameter of the catalyst (DEQ) is between 2.0 and 30, where the equivalent diameter of the catalyst is calculated by means of the following equations:
DEQ 1 =(6*(volume of a particle of the methanol synthesis catalyst[m 3 ]/3.14) 0.33 with catalyst particles of the same size, or
DEQ 2 =(Σ w ( i )*(DEQ( i ) 3 )) 0.33 ,
where:
w(i) is the weight fraction of catalyst particles with an equivalent diameter of DEQ(i)[m].
5. A method according to claim 4 , wherein temperature of the methanol catalyst particles is maintained above the dew point of the methanol by a heating agent including pressurized water with a boiling point between 220° C. and 280° C., steam with a dew point between 220° C. and 280° C. or a mixture thereof, the heating agent being passed through an internal heating means having a surface area so that ratio of the surface of heating means to the surface of the cooling area (ACOOL) is between 0.3 and 3.0.
6. A method according to claim 4 , wherein the average temperature of the liquid cooling agent is between 90° C. and 160° C. and the ratio Z is between 2.0 and 15.