Display element

1. A display element comprising:

a first electrode;

a second electrode;

a display cell defined by a dielectric material between the first electrode and the second electrode, the display cell comprising a narrower portion adjacent the first electrode and a wider portion, the narrower portion having a first cross-sectional area and the wider portion having a second cross-sectional area, a cross-sectional area of the display cell gradually transitioning between the first cross-sectional area and the second cross-sectional area; and

a fluid with colorants within the display cell,

wherein the narrower portion of the display cell comprises a sidewall substantially perpendicular to the first electrode, and

wherein the wider portion of the display cell comprises a sidewall substantially perpendicular to the second electrode.

2. The display element of claim 1 , wherein the dielectric material defines a sloped sidewall of the display cell between the wider portion and the narrower portion.

3. The display element of claim 1 , further comprising:

a first substrate contacting the first electrode;

a second substrate contacting the second electrode;

a gate electrode between the narrower portion and the wider portion,

wherein the first electrode, the second electrode, and the gate electrode are each configured to be individually biased, and

wherein the first electrode is arranged opposite the second electrode.

4. The display element of claim 1 , wherein the colorants comprises colorant particles of two different colors, the different colored colorant particles having opposite polarities.

5. A display element, comprising:

a first electrode;

a second electrode;

a display cell defined by a dielectric material between the first electrode and the second electrode, the display cell comprising a narrower portion adjacent the first electrode and a wider portion, the narrower portion having a first cross-sectional area and the wider portion having a second cross-sectional area, a cross-sectional area of the display cell gradually transitioning between the first cross-sectional area and the second cross-sectional area; and

a fluid with colorants within the display cell,

wherein the display cell comprises a further narrower portion having a third cross-sectional area adjacent the second electrode, a cross-sectional area of the display cell gradually transitioning between the third cross-sectional area and the second cross-sectional area.

6. The display element of claim 5 , further comprising:

a first gate electrode between the narrower portion and the wider portion; and

a second gate electrode between the further narrower portion and the wider portion,

wherein the first electrode, the second electrode, the first gate electrode, and the second gate electrode are each configured to be individually biased.

7. The display element of claim 5 , wherein the colorants comprise colorant particles of two different colors, the different colored colorant particles having opposite polarities.

8. A display element comprising:

a first substrate;

a first electrode supported by the first substrate;

a second substrate parallel to the first substrate;

a second electrode supported by the second substrate, the second electrode opposite the first electrode;

a display cell defined by a dielectric material between the first electrode and the second electrode, the dielectric material defining a first sidewall and a second sidewall of the display cell that are oblique with respect to the first substrate, the first sidewall being mirror symmetrical to the second sidewall; and

a fluid with colorant particles within the display cell,

wherein the dielectric material defines a first reservoir of the display cell adjacent to the first electrode, a sidewall of the first reservoir intersecting the first sidewall, the sidewall of the first reservoir being substantially perpendicular to the first substrate, and

wherein the dielectric material defines a second reservoir of the display cell adjacent to the first electrode and coplanar with the first reservoir, a sidewall of the second reservoir intersecting the second sidewall, the sidewall of the second reservoir being substantially perpendicular to the first substrate.

9. The display element of claim 8 , wherein the first electrode comprises a segmented electrode, and

wherein the second electrode comprises one of a segmented electrode and a continuous electrode.

10. The display element of claim 8 , wherein the dielectric material defines the display cell having one of an arch shape and a multi-arch shape.

11. The display element of claim 8 , further comprising:

a first dielectric passivation layer between the first electrode and the display cell such that the first electrode is prevented from contacting the fluid with colorant particles; and

a second dielectric passivation layer between the second electrode and the display cell such that the second electrode is prevented from contacting the fluid with colorant particles.

12. The display element of claim 8 , wherein the dielectric material comprises one of a transparent material, a white material, a dyed material, and a reflective material, and

wherein the fluid comprises one of a clear fluid and a colored fluid.

13. A method for fabricating a display element, the method comprising:

providing a first electrode;

providing a first dielectric passivation layer over the first electrode,

providing a dielectric material over the first dielectric passivation layer;

structuring the dielectric material to define a display cell comprising a first sidewall that is oblique with respect to the first electrode, a second sidewall that is substantially perpendicular to the first electrode and connected to a first end of the first sidewall, and a third sidewall that is substantially perpendicular to the first electrode and connected to a second end of the first sidewall;

filling the display cell with a fluid with colorant particles;

providing a second electrode over the display cell; and

providing a second dielectric passivation layer between the second electrode and the display cell such that the second electrode is prevented from contacting the fluid with colorant particles,

wherein the first dielectric passivation layer prevents the first electrode from contacting the fluid with colorant particles.

14. The method of claim 13 , wherein structuring the dielectric material comprises one of embossing the dielectric material, molding the dielectric material, and patterning the dielectric material with a photolithographic process.

15. The method of claim 13 , wherein structuring the dielectric material comprises structuring the dielectric material to define a display cell comprising at least one curved sidewall.

16. The method of claim 13 , wherein structuring the dielectric material comprises structuring the dielectric material to define the display cell comprising at least one reservoir portion adjacent to the first electrode.

17. The method of claim 13 , wherein filling the display cell comprises filling the display cell with a colored fluid having white colorant particles.

18. The display element of claim 1 , wherein the fluid with colorants directly contacts the first electrode and the second electrode.

19. The display element of claim 1 , further comprising:

a first dielectric passivation layer between the first electrode and the display cell such that the first electrode is prevented from contacting the fluid with colorants; and

a second dielectric passivation layer between the second electrode and the display cell such that the second electrode is prevented from contacting the fluid with colorants.

20. The display element of claim 8 , wherein the fluid with colorant particles directly contacts the first electrode and the second electrode.