Friction stir method for forming structures and materials
Processes for forming an enhanced material or structure are disclosed. The structure typically includes a preform that has a first common surface and a recess below the first common surface. A filler is added to the recess and seams are friction stir welded, and materials may be stir mixed.
1. A method of forming an enhanced structure from a fabrication preform having a first common surface and a recess below the first common surface, comprising:
(a) disposing in at least a portion of the recess a filler selected from the group consisting of a metal/metal composite, a cermet composite, a bundle of wires, a bundle of rods, and a package of layered materials, wherein a first seam and a second seam are formed between the filler and at least a portion of the recess;
(b) friction stir welding at least a portion of the first seam in a first pass performed at least in part along a first weld path to form a first bond;
(c) friction stir welding at least a portion of the second seam in a second pass performed at least in part along a second weld path that is different from the first weld path to form a second bond; and
(d) further stir mixing at least a portion of a material comprising one or more materials from which the first bond or the second bond are formed at least in part along a third path that is different from the first weld path and the second weld path.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the filler comprises a composition of material that is different than at least a portion of the fabrication preform.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the fabrication preform comprises two workpieces and the first seam is formed between the filler and a first workpiece of the two workpieces and a second seam is formed between the filler and a second workpiece of the two workpieces.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein
the fabrication preform comprises two workpieces and the first seam is formed between the filler and a first workpiece of the two workpieces and a second seam is formed between the filler and a second workpiece of the two workpieces;
the first and the second workpiece establish a second common surface opposed to the first common surface;
the step of friction stir welding at least a portion of the first seam is performed at least in part along a first weld path on the second common surface; and
the step of friction stir welding at least a portion of the second seam is performed at least in part along a second weld path on the first common surface.
5. The method of claim 1 further comprising at least one of the following steps:
preheating at least a portion of a material adjacent the first seam prior to friction stir welding at least a portion of the first seam;
preheating at least a portion of a material adjacent the second seam prior to friction stir welding at least a portion of the second seam.
6. A method of forming an enhanced material from a fabrication preform having a first common surface and a recess below the first common surface, comprising:
disposing in at least a portion of the recess a filler comprising a composition of material that is different than at least a portion of the fabrication preform, wherein a first seam and a second seam are formed between the filler and at least a portion of the recess;
friction stir mixing at least a portion of the first seam in a first pass along a first path, to mix a first portion of the fabrication preform and a first portion of the filler and to form a first bond;
friction stir mixing at least a portion of the second seam in a second pass along a second path that is different from the first path, to mix a second portion of the fabrication preform and a second portion of the filler and to form a second bond; and
friction stir mixing at least a third portion of the filler and a material comprising one or more materials from which the first bond or the second bond are formed in a third pass along a third path that is different from the first path and the second path.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein step (a) comprises disposing in at least a portion of the recess the filler consisting of the metal/metal composite.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein step (a) comprises disposing in at least a portion of the recess the filler consisting of the cermet composite.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein step (a) comprises disposing in at least a portion of the recess the filler consisting of the bundle of wires.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein step (a) comprises disposing in at least a portion of the recess the filler consisting of the bundle of rods.
11. The method of claim 1 wherein step (a) comprises disposing in at least a portion of the recess the filler consisting of the package of layered materials.