IP Library Granted Patent US 8,489,884
Granted Patent B2
US 8,489,884 · App. 12/822,777 · Granted Jul 16, 2013

Methods and apparatus for generating signatures

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Quick Facts
Patent No.
US 8,489,884
App. No.
12/822,777
Granted
Jul 16, 2013
Kind
B2
Abstract

Methods, apparatus, and articles of manufacture for media monitoring are disclosed. In particular, the example methods, apparatus, and articles of manufacture generate signatures. Initially, a first plurality of filtered values are identified by performing a wavelet transform on a first frame of media samples. A first energy value is determined based on a first portion of the first plurality of filtered values, and a second energy value is determined based on a second portion of the first plurality of filtered values. A first descriptor of the first frame of media samples is determined based on a comparison of the first energy value and the second energy value. A first signature is generated based on the first descriptor.

Claims (57)

1. A method for generating signatures, comprising:

identifying a first plurality of filtered values by performing a wavelet transform on a first frame of media samples;

determining a first energy value based on a first portion of the first plurality of filtered values;

determining a second energy value based on a second portion of the first plurality of filtered values;

determining a first descriptor of the first frame of media samples based on a comparison of the first energy value and the second energy value;

generating, via a processor, a first signature based on the first descriptor;

determining a second descriptor of a second frame of media samples; and

generating a second signature based on the second descriptor.

2. A method as defined in claim 1 , wherein the first plurality of filtered values is associated with a high-frequency sub-band of the first frame of media samples.

3. A method as defined in claim 1 , wherein the first descriptor is associated with only the first frame of media samples.

4. A method as defined in claim 1 , further comprising:

identifying the second frame of media samples by extracting a common plurality of media samples from the first frame of media samples and appending a first plurality of media samples to the common plurality of media samples.

5. A method as defined in claim 4 , further comprising:

identifying a second plurality of filtered values by performing the wavelet transform on the second frame of media samples;

determining a third energy value based on a first portion of the second plurality of filtered values;

determining a fourth energy value based on a second portion of the second plurality of filtered values; and

determining the second descriptor based on a comparison of the third energy value and the fourth energy value.

6. A method as defined in claim 1 , further comprising identifying media information based on the first signature.

7. A method as defined in claim 6 , wherein the media information is associated with at least one of audio information or video information.

8. An apparatus for generating signatures, comprising:

a processor system including a memory; and

instructions stored in the memory that enable the processor system to:

identify a first plurality of filtered values by performing a wavelet transform on a first frame of media samples;

determine a first energy value based on a first portion of the first plurality of filtered values;

determine a second energy value based on a second portion of the first plurality of filtered values;

determine a first descriptor of the first frame of media samples based on a comparison of the first energy value and the second energy value;

generate a first signature based on the first descriptor;

determine a second descriptor of a second frame of media samples; and

generate a second signature based on the second descriptor.

9. An apparatus as defined in claim 8 , wherein the first plurality of filtered values is associated with a high-frequency sub-band of the first frame of media samples.

10. An apparatus as defined in claim 8 , wherein the first descriptor is associated with only the first frame of media samples.

11. An apparatus as defined in claim 8 , wherein the instructions stored in the memory enable the processor system to:

identify the second frame of media samples by extracting a common plurality of media samples from the first frame of media samples and appending a first plurality of media samples to the common plurality of media samples.

12. An apparatus as defined in claim 11 , wherein the instructions stored in the memory enable the processor system to:

identify a second plurality of filtered values by performing the wavelet transform on the second frame of media samples;

determine a third energy value based on a first portion of the second plurality of filtered values;

determine a fourth energy value based on a second portion of the second plurality of filtered values; and

determine the second descriptor based on a comparison of the third energy value and the fourth energy value.

13. An apparatus as defined in claim 8 , wherein the instructions stored in the memory enable the processor system to identify media information based on the first signature.

14. An apparatus as defined in claim 13 , wherein the media information is associated with at least one of audio information or video information.

15. A tangible machine accessible storage medium, excluding a signal, comprising instructions that, when executed, cause a machine to at least:

identify a first plurality of filtered values by performing a wavelet transform on a first frame of media samples;

determine a first energy value based on a first portion of the first plurality of filtered values;

determine a second energy value based on a second portion of the first plurality of filtered values;

determine a first descriptor of the first frame of media samples based on a comparison of the first energy value and the second energy value;

generate a first signature based on the first descriptor;

determine a second descriptor of a second frame of media samples; and

generate a second signature based on the second descriptor.

16. A machine accessible medium as defined in claim 15 , wherein the first plurality of filtered values is associated with a high-frequency sub-band of the first frame of media samples.

17. A machine accessible medium as defined in claim 15 , wherein the first descriptor is associated with only the first frame of media samples.

18. A machine accessible medium as defined in claim 15 , having instructions stored thereon that, when executed, cause the machine to:

identify the second frame of media samples by extracting a common plurality of media samples from the first flame of media samples and appending a first plurality of media samples to the common plurality of media samples.

19. A machine accessible medium as defined in claim 18 , having instructions stored thereon that, when executed, cause the machine to:

identify a second plurality of filtered values by performing the wavelet transform on the second frame of media samples;

determine a third energy value based on a first portion of the second plurality of filtered values;

determine a fourth energy value based on a second portion of the second plurality of filtered values; and

determine the second descriptor based on a comparison of the third energy value and the fourth energy value.

Assignments (12)
RELEASE (REEL 054066 / FRAME 0064) Recorded May 11, 2023
From: CITIBANK, N.A.
To: A. C. NIELSEN COMPANY, LLC; EXELATE, INC.; GRACENOTE, INC.; GRACENOTE MEDIA SERVICES, LLC; THE NIELSEN COMPANY (US), LLC; NETRATINGS, LLC
Reel/Frame 063605/0001 →
RELEASE (REEL 053473 / FRAME 0001) Recorded May 11, 2023
From: CITIBANK, N.A.
To: A. C. NIELSEN COMPANY, LLC; EXELATE, INC.; GRACENOTE, INC.; GRACENOTE MEDIA SERVICES, LLC; THE NIELSEN COMPANY (US), LLC; NETRATINGS, LLC
Reel/Frame 063603/0001 →
SECURITY INTEREST Recorded May 8, 2023
From: GRACENOTE DIGITAL VENTURES, LLC; GRACENOTE MEDIA SERVICES, LLC; GRACENOTE, INC.; TNC (US) HOLDINGS, INC.; THE NIELSEN COMPANY (US), LLC
To: ARES CAPITAL CORPORATION
Reel/Frame 063574/0632 →
SECURITY INTEREST Recorded Apr 28, 2023
From: GRACENOTE DIGITAL VENTURES, LLC; GRACENOTE MEDIA SERVICES, LLC; GRACENOTE, INC.; TNC (US) HOLDINGS, INC.; THE NIELSEN COMPANY (US), LLC
To: CITIBANK, N.A.
Reel/Frame 063561/0381 →
SECURITY AGREEMENT Recorded Jan 31, 2023
From: GRACENOTE DIGITAL VENTURES, LLC; GRACENOTE MEDIA SERVICES, LLC; GRACENOTE, INC.; TNC (US) HOLDINGS, INC.; THE NIELSEN COMPANY (US), LLC
To: BANK OF AMERICA, N.A.
Reel/Frame 063560/0547 →
RELEASE (REEL 024849 / FRAME 0178) Recorded Oct 13, 2022
From: CITIBANK, N.A.
To: THE NIELSEN COMPANY (US), LLC
Reel/Frame 061728/0284 →
CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT THE PATENTS LISTED ON SCHEDULE 1 RECORDED ON 6-9-2020 PREVIOUSLY RECORDED ON REEL 053473 FRAME 0001. ASSIGNOR(S) HEREBY CONFIRMS THE SUPPLEMENTAL IP SECURITY AGREEMENT. Recorded Oct 7, 2020
From: A.C. NIELSEN (ARGENTINA) S.A.; A.C. NIELSEN COMPANY, LLC; ACN HOLDINGS INC.; ACNIELSEN CORPORATION; ACNIELSEN ERATINGS.COM; AFFINNOVA, INC.; ART HOLDING, L.L.C.; ATHENIAN LEASING CORPORATION; CZT/ACN TRADEMARKS, L.L.C.; EXELATE, INC.; GRACENOTE, INC.; GRACENOTE DIGITAL VENTURES, LLC; GRACENOTE MEDIA SERVICES, LLC; NETRATINGS, LLC; NIELSEN AUDIO, INC.; NIELSEN CONSUMER INSIGHTS, INC.; NIELSEN CONSUMER NEUROSCIENCE, INC.; NIELSEN FINANCE CO.; NIELSEN FINANCE LLC; NIELSEN INTERNATIONAL HOLDINGS, INC.; NIELSEN MOBILE, LLC; NMR INVESTING I, INC.; TCG DIVESTITURE INC.; TNC (US) HOLDINGS, INC.; THE NIELSEN COMPANY (US), LLC; VIZU CORPORATION; VNU MARKETING INFORMATION, INC.; NMR LICENSING ASSOCIATES, L.P.; NIELSEN HOLDING AND FINANCE B.V.; THE NIELSEN COMPANY B.V.; VNU INTERNATIONAL B.V.
To: CITIBANK, N.A
Reel/Frame 054066/0064 →
SUPPLEMENTAL SECURITY AGREEMENT Recorded Jun 9, 2020
From: A. C. NIELSEN COMPANY, LLC; ACN HOLDINGS INC.; ACNIELSEN CORPORATION; ACNIELSEN ERATINGS.COM; AFFINNOVA, INC.; ART HOLDING, L.L.C.; ATHENIAN LEASING CORPORATION; CZT/ACN TRADEMARKS, L.L.C.; EXELATE, INC.; GRACENOTE, INC.; GRACENOTE DIGITAL VENTURES, LLC; GRACENOTE MEDIA SERVICES, LLC; NETRATINGS, LLC; NIELSEN AUDIO, INC.; NIELSEN CONSUMER INSIGHTS, INC.; NIELSEN CONSUMER NEUROSCIENCE, INC.; NIELSEN FINANCE CO.; NIELSEN FINANCE LLC; NIELSEN INTERNATIONAL HOLDINGS, INC.; NIELSEN MOBILE, LLC; NIELSEN UK FINANCE I, LLC; NMR INVESTING I, INC.; TCG DIVESTITURE INC.; TNC (US) HOLDINGS, INC.; THE NIELSEN COMPANY (US), LLC; VIZU CORPORATION; VNU MARKETING INFORMATION, INC.; NMR LICENSING ASSOCIATES, L.P.; NIELSEN HOLDING AND FINANCE B.V.; THE NIELSEN COMPANY B.V.; VNU INTERNATIONAL B.V.
To: CITIBANK, N.A.
Reel/Frame 053473/0001 →
SECURITY AGREEMENT Recorded Aug 17, 2010
From: THE NIELSEN COMPANY (US), LLC
To: CITIBANK, N.A., AS COLLATERAL AGENT
Reel/Frame 024849/0178 →
CHANGE OF NAME Recorded Jul 14, 2010
From: NIELSEN MEDIA RESEARCH, INC., A DELAWARE CORPORATION
To: NIELSEN MEDIA RESEARCH, LLC, A DELAWARE LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY
Reel/Frame 024687/0003 →
MERGER Recorded Jul 14, 2010
From: NIELSEN MEDIA RESEARCH, LLC, A DELAWARE LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY
To: THE NIELSEN COMPANY (US), LLC
Reel/Frame 024685/0191 →
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Jul 14, 2010
From: SRINIVASAN, VENUGOPAL
To: NIELSEN MEDIA RESEARCH, INC., A DELAWARE CORPORATION
Reel/Frame 024685/0168 →