Method of differentiating stem cells into cells of the endoderm and pancreatic lineage
Methods are described to more efficiently produce cells of the endoderm and pancreatic lineage from mammalian pluripotent stem cells. These methods provide a simple, reproducible culture protocol using defined media components to enable consistent, large-scale production of pancreatic cell types for research or therapeutic uses.
1. A method of culturing human pluripotent stem cells to produce cells of the pancreatic lineage, the method comprising the steps of
(a) culturing the stem cells under conditions that induce differentiation in the direction of mesendoderm, wherein the process of stem cell differentiation is initiated by adding an effective amount of a bone morphogenetic protein ranging from 10 ng/ml to 50 ng/ml within the first four days of initiating the stem cell culture;
(b) culturing the cells from step (a) under conditions favoring the formation of intact embryoid bodies (EBs), wherein the EBs are surrounded by a layer of visceral yolk sac; and
(c) culturing the cells from the EBs of step (b) under conditions favoring terminal differentiation of the cells to the pancreatic lineage.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the culture conditions in step (c) include culturing the EB cells in a serum-free medium containing insulin, transferrin, selenium, FGF7, nicotinamide, and exendin-4.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the bone morphogenetic protein is BMP4.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein an effective amount of BMP4 is about 50 ng/ml.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein the stem cells of step (a) are also cultured in the presence of an effective amount of a fibroblast growth factor to induce differentiation in the direction of mesendoderm.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein the effective amount of fibroblast growth factor ranges from about 10 ng/ml to about 200 ng/ml.
7. The method of claim 6 wherein the fibroblast growth factor is bFGF.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein the effective amount of bFGF is about 100 ng/ml.
9. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of (d) selecting the cells of step (c) that positively express the epithelial cell adhesion marker (EpCAM) to retain cells of the pancreatic lineage that exhibit a reduction in tumorigenicity.
10. The method of claim 9 wherein the selecting is performed by magnetic activated cell sorting.
11. The method of claim 1 wherein the mesendoderm cells co-express Oct4 and Brachyury (T).
12. The method of claim 1 wherein the EBs include definitive endoderm cells with duct-like structures containing Foxa2+, Soxl7+ and PDXI+ cells.
13. The method of claim 1 wherein the terminally differentiated cells co-express PDX1 in combination with insulin and C-peptide.
14. A method of sequentially enriching a culture derived from human pluripotent stem cells for cells of endoderm and pancreatic lineages, the method comprising the steps of
(a) culturing the stem cells under conditions that induce differentiation in the direction of mesendoderm, wherein the process of stem cell differentiation is initiated by adding an effective amount of a bone morphogenetic protein ranging from 10 ng/ml to 100 ng/ml and fibroblast growth factor ranging from 100 ng/ml to 200 ng/ml within the first four days of initiating the stem cell culture;
(b) culturing the cells from step (a) under conditions favoring the formation of intact embryoid bodies (EBs), wherein the EBs are surrounded by a layer of visceral yolk sac; and
(c) culturing the cells from the EBs of step (b) under conditions favoring terminal differentiation of the cells to the pancreatic lineage.
15. The method of claim 14 wherein the culture conditions in step (c) include culturing the EB cells in a serum-free medium containing insulin, transferrin, selenium, FGF7, nicotinamide, and exendin-4.
16. The method of claim 14 further comprising the step of (d) selecting the cells of step (c) that positively express the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) to retain cells of the pancreatic lineage that exhibit a reduction in tumorigenicity.
17. The method of claim 16 wherein the selecting is performed by magnetic activated cell sorting.
18. A method of culturing human pluripotent stem cells to prepare a cell population of the pancreatic lineage, which does not have tumorigenic capability, the method comprising the steps of:
(a) culturing the stem cells under conditions that induce differentiation in the direction of mesendoderm, wherein the process of stem cell differentiation is initiated by adding an effective amount of a bone morphogenetic protein ranging from 10 ng/ml to 50 ng/ml within the first four days of initiating the stem cell culture;
(b) culturing the cells from step (a) under conditions favoring the formation of intact embryoid bodies (EBs), wherein the EBs are surrounded by a layer of visceral yolk sac;
(c) culturing the cells from the EBs of step (b) under conditions favoring terminal differentiation of the cells to the pancreatic lineage; and
(d) selecting for expression of a cell surface marker indicative of a commitment to a particular differentiated lineage, wherein the marker is EpCAM, the resulting cell culture not forming teratomas when injected in immunocompromised mice.
19. The method of claim 18 wherein in step (a) the mesendoderm cells are characterized by the co-expression of Oct4 and Brachyury (T) in individual cells.
20. The method of claim 18 wherein in step (b), the EBs include definitive endoderm cells with duct-like structures containing Foxa2+, Soxl7+ and PDXI+ cells.
21. The method of claim 18 wherein in step (c), the terminally differentiated cells co-express PDX1 in combination with insulin and C-peptide.
22. The method of claim 18 wherein in step (d), the differentiated cells express EpCAM and do not form teratomas when injected in immunocompromized mice.
23. The method of claim 13 wherein an effective amount of a bone morphogenetic protein ranges from 10 ng/ml to 50 ng/ml and an effective amount of a fibroblast growth factor is 100 ng/ml.