Vehicle battery temperature control system containing heating device and method
View Patent ↗A vehicle battery temperature control system includes a battery, a heating device, a housing, a heat exchanger and a sensor. The battery has a heat sink that transfers thermal energy to the battery. The heating device is selectively operable to provide thermal energy. The housing includes a chamber that contains the battery and a saturated liquid coolant that substantially immerses the heat sink, and the coolant receives the thermal energy from the heating device to cause a phase change of the coolant from liquid to vapor to heat the heat sink which heats the battery. The heat exchanger removes thermal energy from the vapor to change the vapor to liquid and returns the liquid to the chamber. The sensor detects a characteristic of the vapor and signals operation of the heating device to provide the thermal energy based on a relationship between the characteristic and a threshold.
1. A vehicle battery temperature control system comprising:
a battery having a heat sink configured to transfer thermal energy to the battery;
a heating device including a resistive heater selectively operable to provide thermal energy,
a housing having a chamber formed therein that is configured to receive the battery, the resistive heater being disposed proximal to the chamber at a location proximal to the battery, the chamber being further configured to contain a saturated liquid coolant that at least partially immerses the heat sink so that the coolant receives the thermal energy from the heating device to cause a phase change of the coolant from a liquid phase to a vapor phase to heat the heat sink to enable the heat sink to heat the battery;
a heat exchanger configured to receive vapor phase coolant from the chamber and remove thermal energy from the vapor phase coolant to change the coolant from the vapor phase to the liquid phase, and being further configured to return the liquid phase coolant to the chamber; and
a sensor operable to detect a characteristic of the vapor phase coolant and to signal operation of the heating device to provide the thermal energy based on a relationship between the characteristic of the vapor phase coolant and a threshold.
2. The vehicle battery temperature control system according to claim 1 , wherein
the heating device includes a second heat exchanger.
3. The vehicle battery temperature control system according to claim 2 , wherein
wherein second heat exchanger is configured to receive heated liquid from a heat source.
4. The vehicle battery temperature control system according to claim 3 , further comprising
a valve that is configured to operate when the characteristic of the vapor phase coolant is above the threshold to provide the heated liquid to the second heat exchanger.
5. The vehicle battery temperature control system according to claim 4 , further comprising
a controller configured to control the valve to operate to provide the heated liquid to the second heat exchanger when the characteristic of the coolant is below the threshold.
6. The vehicle battery temperature control system according to claim 2 , wherein
the resistive heater is disposed at a location between the battery and the second heat exchanger.
7. The vehicle battery temperature control system according to claim 1 , further comprising
a fan that is configured to operate when the sensor detects that the characteristic of the vapor phase coolant is above the threshold to increase the removal of thermal energy from the vapor phase coolant by the heat exchanger.
8. The vehicle battery temperature control system according to claim 1 , wherein
the sensor includes a temperature sensor operable to sense a temperature of the coolant as the characteristic.
9. The vehicle battery temperature control system according to claim 1 , wherein
the sensor includes a pressure sensor operable to sense a pressure in the chamber as the characteristic.
10. The vehicle battery temperature control system according to claim 1 , wherein
the heat exchanger includes a condenser that is positioned above a level of the liquid coolant in the chamber, with the condenser being fluidly coupled to receive the vapor phase coolant, the condenser being operable to remove heat from the vapor phase coolant to create the liquid phase coolant, and being fluidly coupled to return the liquid phase coolant to the chamber.
11. The vehicle battery temperature control system according to claim 1 , further comprising
an insulation member configured to enclose the housing.
12. The vehicle battery temperature control system according to claim 1 , wherein
the chamber is configured such that the saturated liquid coolant in the chamber completely immerses the heat sink.
13. The vehicle battery temperature control system according to claim 1 ,
wherein the saturated liquid coolant includes one of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene.
14. The vehicle battery temperature control system according to claim 1 , wherein
the resistive heater is adjacent to the chamber.
15. The vehicle battery temperature control system according to claim 1 , wherein
the resistive heater is disposed below the battery and the chamber.
16. A vehicle battery temperature control method comprising:
operating a heat exchanger to receive vapor phase coolant from a chamber that is formed in a housing and configured to contain a battery having a heat sink and a saturated liquid coolant that at least partially immerses the heat sink, the operating of the heat exchanger removes thermal energy from the vapor phase coolant to change the coolant from the vapor phase to liquid phase and returns liquid phase coolant to the chamber;
detecting a characteristic of the vapor phase coolant; and
operating a heating device including a resistive heater disposed proximal to the chamber at a location proximal to the battery so that the resistive heater provides thermal energy based on a relationship between the characteristic of the vapor phase coolant and a threshold, so that the coolant receives the thermal energy from the heating device to cause a phase change of the coolant from the liquid phase to the vapor phase to heat the heat sink which transfers thermal energy to the battery.
17. The vehicle battery temperature control method according to claim 16 , wherein
the operating of the heating device includes operating a second heat exchanger to receive heated liquid from a heat source.
18. The vehicle battery temperature control method according to claim 17 , wherein
the operating of the heating device includes operating the resistive heater that is disposed at a location between the battery and the second heat exchanger to provide the thermal energy.
19. The vehicle battery temperature control method according to claim 16 , further comprising
operating a fan when the characteristic of the vapor phase coolant is above the threshold to increase the removal of thermal energy from the vapor phase coolant during the operation of the heat exchanger.
20. The vehicle battery temperature control method according to claim 16 , wherein
the detecting includes detecting a temperature of the coolant as the characteristic.
21. The vehicle battery temperature control method according to claim 16 , wherein
the detecting includes detecting a pressure in the chamber as the characteristic.
22. The vehicle battery temperature control method according to claim 16 , wherein
the operating of the heating device includes operating the resistive heater that is disposed adjacent to the chamber to provide the thermal energy.
23. The vehicle battery temperature control method according to claim 16 , wherein
the operating of the heating device includes operating the resistive heater that is disposed below the battery and the chamber to provide the thermal energy.