Thermally switched reflective optical shutter
The thermally switched reflective optical shutter is a self-regulating “switchable mirror” device that reflects up to 100% of incident radiant energy above a threshold temperature, and reflects up to 50% of incident radiant energy below a threshold temperature. Control over the flow of radiant energy occurs independently of the thermal conductivity or insulating value of the device, and may or may not preserve the image and color properties of incoming visible light. The device can be used as a construction material to efficiently regulate the internal temperature and illumination of buildings, vehicles, and other structures without the need for an external power supply or operator signals. The device has unique aesthetic optical properties that are not found in traditional windows, skylights, stained glass, light fixtures, glass blocks, bricks, or walls. The device can be tailored to transmit sufficient visible light to see through in both the transparent and reflective states, while still providing significant control over the total energy transmission across the device.
1. A glass spandrel section for regulating the reflection of radiant energy comprising
a first reflective polarizer;
a second polarizer; and
a thermotropic depolarizer positioned between the first reflective polarizer and the second polarizer that adjusts polarization of incident light when below a threshold temperature, wherein
above the threshold temperature up to 100% of incident light is reflected by the device, and
below the threshold temperature up to 50% of incident light is reflected by the device.
2. The device of claim 1 , wherein
at a first temperature a first percentage of the incident radiant energy is reflected from the device and a second percentage of the incident radiant energy is transmitted through the device; and
at a second temperature a third percentage of the incident radiant energy is reflected from the device and a fourth percentage of the incident radiant energy is transmitted through the device.
3. The device of claim 1 , wherein the second polarizer is an absorptive polarizer.
4. The device of claim 1 , wherein either or both of the first reflective polarizer or the second polarizer are a diffuse reflective polarizer.
5. The device of claim 1 , wherein either or both of the first reflective polarizer or the second polarizer are a polarity-rotating polarizer.
6. The device of claim 1 , wherein the first reflective polarizer and the second polarizer each define transparent areas to allow transmission of unpolarized radiant energy through the device.
7. The device of claim 1 further comprising an electrotropic control system to supplement and actuate the thermotropic depolarizer at the threshold temperature.
8. The device of claim 1 , wherein the second polarizer is a reflective polarizer.
9. The device of claim 8 , wherein
the first reflective polarizer reflects up to 50% of the incident radiant energy and transmits a majority of non-reflected radiant energy; and
the second polarizer reflects up to 100% of radiant energy transmitted by the first reflective polarizer when the thermotropic depolarizer is above the threshold temperature and transmits up to 100% of radiant energy transmitted by the first reflective polarizer when the thermotropic polarizer is below the threshold temperature.
10. The device of claim 1 , wherein either or both of the first reflective polarizer or the second polarizer are a thermotropic reflective polarizer.
11. The device of claim 10 , wherein
above a threshold temperature down to 0% of incident radiant energy is transmitted by the device, and
below the threshold temperature up to 100% of incident radiant energy is transmitted by the device.
12. The device of claim 1 , wherein the thermotropic depolarizer comprises a liquid crystal.
13. The device of claim 12 , wherein the liquid crystal further comprises an additive in a mixture with the liquid crystal to affect optical properties of the liquid crystal, a speed of transition between physical states of the liquid crystal, or both.
14. A window that regulates the reflection radiant energy comprising
one or more panes of glass:
a first thermotropic polarizer supported on one of the one or more panes of glass; and
a second thermotropic polarizer supported on one of the one or more panes of glass, wherein
above a threshold temperature down to 0% of incident radiant energy is transmitted by the window, and
below the threshold temperature up to 100% of the incident radiant energy is transmitted by the window.
15. The window of claim 14 , wherein
at a first temperature a first percentage of the incident radiant energy is reflected from the device and a second percentage of the incident radiant energy is transmitted through the device; and
at a second temperature a third percentage of the incident radiant energy is reflected from the device and a fourth percentage of the incident radiant energy is transmitted through the device.
16. The window of claim 14 , wherein the first thermotropic polarizer and the second thermotropic polarizer are oriented with respect to each other such that a difference in alignment of polarity between the first thermotropic polarizer and the second thermotropic polarizer is less than 90 degrees.
17. The window of claim 14 further comprising a depolarizer positioned between the first thermotropic polarizer and the second thermotropic polarizer that at least partially adjusts a polarity of the radiant energy transmitted by the first thermotropic polarizer and reflected by the second thermotropic polarizer.
18. The window of claim 14 , wherein either or both of the first thermotropic polarizer or the second thermotropic polarizer are reflective.
19. The window of claim 18 , wherein the either or both of the first thermotropic polarizer or the second thermotropic polarizer are a wire grid polarizer.
20. The window of claim 19 , wherein the wire grid polarizer further comprises a plurality of wire segments that change in shape or orientation in response to temperature.