System and method for causing cavitation in a liquid metal
Systems and methods for achieving cavitation at high static pressures which may be used in acoustic applications and research such as in liquid metal resonators. Novel preparation and electroplating methods are disclosed to improve boundary layer conditions. A chemical cleaning loop for containment and treatment for oxide removal and to develop a dynamic system for chemically treating liquid metal disposed in a liquid metal loop is also described. A liquid metal handling loop for containment and treatment is provided to maintain cleanliness of bulk liquid metal.
1. A method for causing cavitation of a liquid metal in an acoustic resonator, comprising:
cleaning an interior surface of said resonator;
removing oil deposits from said interior surface using a heated methanol solution;
removing oxide substances from said interior surface of said resonator; and
plating said interior surface with a same metal as said liquid metal to be cavitated.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising heating said methanol to a temperature above about 35 degrees Celsius and applying said methanol to said interior surface for a time duration greater than about 10 seconds to allow said methanol to remove said oil deposits.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising rinsing said internal surface with heated de-ionized water to remove said methanol after use of said methanol.
4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising a step of removing intermetallic substances from said acoustic resonator and associated components.
5. The method of claim 1 , said plating comprising electroplating.
6. The method of claim 5 , further comprising controlling an electrical current used for said electroplating.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising electropolishing of said internal surface of said acoustic resonator.
8. The method of claim 7 , comprising electropolishing with a solution containing any of: phosphoric acid or sulfuric acid.
9. The method of claim 7 , further comprising rinsing said internal surface so as to substantially remove said electropolishing solution thereform.
10. The method of claim 9 , further comprising rinsing said internal surface using a hot water solution containing phenolphthalein.
11. The method of claim 9 further comprising rinsing said internal surface using an alkaline soap solution.
12. The method of claim 9 , further comprising covering substantially all of said internal surface with a solution heated to a temperature above about 70 degrees Celsius.
13. The method of claim 1 , further comprising carrying out said steps on an internal surface of a substantially spherical acoustic resonator.
14. The method of claim 1 , further comprising carrying out said steps twice, once on each of two parts of said acoustic resonator.
15. The method of claim 14 , comprising carrying out said steps on two substantially hemispherical halves of said acoustic resonator.
16. The method of claim 1 , said removal of said oxide comprising removal of a chromic oxide surface layer from said internal surface of said resonator.
17. The method of claim 5 , comprising providing an anode of gallium and using a cathode workpiece in said electroplating step, and further comprising placing said anode and said cathode within a gallium electroplating solution.
18. The method of claim 1 , further comprising introducing a plating solution into said acoustic resonator by way of a tube having one end thereof arranged to receive said solution from a source of said solution and another end thereof proximal to said interior surface of the resonator to minimize splashing of said solution.
19. The method of claim 1 , further comprising substantially filling said resonator with a liquid metal upon plating said sphere so as to minimize exposure of said interior surface to unwanted chemical reactants.