Gypsum board containing antimicrobial and antibacterial compounds
A novel gypsum board having improved antimicrobial and antibacterial properties is disclosed. The board comprises a gypsum core, front and back paper facings, and a polymeric antimicrobial or antibacterial compound effective at inhibiting fungal growth. Preferred polymeric antimicrobial and antibacterial compounds include polyDADMAC, polyTMMC, and quaternized polyvinyl pyridine derivatives. The novel gypsum board further comprises a non-polymeric antimicrobial or antibacterial compound. Preferred non-polymeric antimicrobial or antibacteral compounds include cetyl pyridinium chloride and sodium pyrithione. The polymeric antimicrobial or antibacterial compound can be present in the gypsum core and/or on one or both of the paper facings. The non-polymeric antimicrobial or antibacterial compound may be encapsulated in a material or ionically associated with the polymeric antimicrobial or antibacterial compound to allow releases of the non-polymeric antimicrobial or antibacterial compound over time and/or upon exposure to moisture. Methods for preparing the aforementioned novel gypsum board are also disclosed.
1. An antimicrobial gypsum board comprising a polymeric antimicrobial compound and an antimicrobial non-polymeric compound, wherein said polymeric antimicrobial compound is non-leachably bonded to a component of said gypsum board, and wherein said polymeric antimicrobial compound is a complexing agent which stabilizes the diffusible said antimicrobial non-polymeric compound.
2. The antimicrobial gypsum board of claim 1 , wherein said polymeric antimicrobial compound is a polyanionic or polycationic polymeric antimicrobial compound.
3. The antimicrobial gypsum board of claim 2 , wherein said polymeric antimicrobial compound is a polymeric quaternary amine.
4. The antimicrobial gypsum board of claim 3 , wherein said polymeric quaternary amine is selected from the group consisting of poly[diallyldimethylammonium chloride] (polyDADMAC), poly[(2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl)trimethylammonium chloride] (polyTMMC), and quaternized polyvinyl pyridine derivatives.
5. The antimicrobial gypsum board of claim 2 , wherein said antimicrobial non-polymeric compound is an ionic antimicrobial compound, wherein said ionic antimicrobial compound is stabilized by said polyanionic or polycationic polymeric antimicrobial compound.
6. The antimicrobial gypsum board of claim 5 , wherein said ionic antimicrobial compound is selected from the group consisting of chlorhexidine, alexidine, cetyl pyridinium chloride, benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, cetalkonium chloride, cetrimide, cetrimonium bromide, glycidyl trimethylammonium chloride, stearalkonium chloride, hexetidine, sodium pyrithione, zinc pyrithione, triclosan and triclocarban.
7. The antimicrobial gypsum board of claim 5 , wherein said polyanionic or polycationic polymeric antimicrobial compound provides continued antimicrobial effect if the ionic antimicrobial compound leaches from the gypsum board.
8. An antibacterial gypsum board comprising a polymeric antibacterial compound and an antibacterial non-polymeric compound, wherein said polymeric antibacterial compound is non-leachably bonded to a component of said gypsum board, and wherein said polymeric antibacterial compound is a complexing agent which stabilizes the diffusible said antibacterial non-polymeric compound.
9. The antibacterial gypsum board of claim 8 , wherein said polymeric antibacterial compound is a polymeric quaternary amine.
10. The antibacterial gypsum board of claim 9 , wherein said polymeric quaternary amine is selected from the group comprising polyDADMAC, polyTMMC, and quaternized polyvinyl pyridine derivatives.
11. The antibacterial gypsum board of claim 9 , wherein said antibacterial non-polymeric compound is an ionic antibacterial compound, wherein said ionic antibacterial compound is stabilized by said polymeric antibacterial compound.
12. The antibacterial gypsum board of claim 11 , wherein said ionic antibacterial compound is selected from the group consisting of chlorhexidine, alexidine, cetyl pyridinium chloride, benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, cetalkonium chloride, cetrimide, cetrimonium bromide, glycidyl trimethylammonium chloride, stearalkonium chloride, hexetidine, sodium pyrithione, zinc pyrithione, triclosan and triclocarban.
13. The antibacterial gypsum board of claim 9 , wherein said polymeric antibacterial compound provides continued antibacterial effect if the ionic antibacterial compound leaches from the gypsum board.
14. An improved method for manufacturing an antimicrobial gypsum board which comprises the steps:
a. non-leachably bonding, in the presence of an initiator or a crosslinker, a polymeric antimicrobial compound to the gypsum board or a component thereof,
b. adding a non-polymeric antimicrobial compound to the gypsum board or a component thereof, wherein said non-polymeric antimicrobial compound is stabilized by the polymeric antimicrobial compound, and whereby the non-polymeric antimicrobial compound resists leaching.
15. The method of claim 14 , further comprising encapsulating or binding the non-polymeric antimicrobial compound such that the non-polymeric antimicrobial compound is released over time, or upon exposure to moisture, or both.
16. The method of claim 14 , wherein the polymeric antimicrobial compound is polyDADMAC.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the non-polymeric antimicrobial compound is cetyl pyridinium chloride or sodium pyrithione.
18. The method of claim 14 , further comprising encapsulating or binding the non-polymeric antimicrobial compound such that the non-polymeric antimicrobial compound is released over time, upon exposure to moisture, or both.
19. An improved method for manufacturing an antibacterial gypsum board which comprises the steps:
a. non-leachably bonding, in the presence of an initiator or a crosslinker, a polymeric antibacterial compound to the gypsum board or a component thereof,
b. adding a non-polymeric antibacterial compound to the gypsum board or a component thereof, wherein said non-polymeric antibacterial compound is stabilized by the polymeric antibacterial compound, and whereby the non-polymeric antibacterial compound resists leaching.
20. The method of claim 19 , further comprising encapsulating or binding the non-polymeric antibacterial compound such that the non-polymeric antibacterial compound is released over time, or upon exposure to moisture, or both.
21. The method of claim 19 , wherein the polymeric antibacterial compound is polyDADMAC.
22. The method of claim 21 , wherein the non-polymeric antibacterial compound is cetyl pyridinium chloride or sodium pyrithione.
23. The method of claim 19 , further comprising encapsulating or binding the non-polymeric antibacterial compound such that the non-polymeric antibacterial compound is released over time, upon exposure to moisture, or both.