Optimized liquid-phase oxidation
View Patent ↗Disclosed is an optimized process and apparatus for more efficiently and economically carrying out the liquid-phase oxidation of an oxidizable compound. Such liquid-phase oxidation is carried out in a bubble column reactor that provides for a highly efficient reaction at relatively low temperatures. When the oxidized compound is para-xylene and the product from the oxidation reaction is crude terephthalic acid (CTA), such CTA product can be purified and separated by more economical techniques than could be employed if the CTA were formed by a conventional high-temperature oxidation process.
1. A process for producing terephthalic acid, said process comprising: oxidizing paraxylene in a liquid phase of a multi-phase reaction medium contained in a bubble column reactor, wherein the pressure differential between the top and bottom of said reaction medium is at least 1 bar, wherein the time-averaged superficial velocity of said reaction medium at half height is maintained in the range of from about 0.8 to about 5 meters per second; wherein said reaction medium has a maximum width (W), wherein said bubble column comprises a disengagement zone that has a maximum width (X), and wherein said bubble column reactor has an X:W ratio in the range of from about 0.8:1 to about 4:1.
2. The process of claim 1 wherein said reaction medium has a maximum height (H) of at least 30 meters, wherein said reaction medium has a maximum width (W), wherein said reaction medium has an H:W ratio of at least 6:1, wherein the total volume of said reaction medium is greater than 250 cubic meters.
3. The process of claim 1 wherein said bubble column reactor produces terephthalic acid at a rate of at least 400 tons per day.
4. The process of claim 1 wherein the pressure differential between the top and bottom of said reaction medium is at least 1.4 bars, wherein the time-averaged superficial velocity of said reaction medium at half height is maintained in the range of from about 0.9 to about 3 meters per second.
5. The process of claim 4 wherein said reaction medium has a maximum width (W) of at least 3.25 meters and an H:W ratio in the range of from about 8:1 to about 20:1, wherein the total volume of said reaction medium is greater than 500 cubic meters.
6. The process of claim 1 wherein the time-averaged superficial velocity of said reaction medium at one-quarter height, half height, and three-quarter height is maintained in the range of from 1 to 2 meters per second.
7. The process of claim 6 wherein said reaction medium has a maximum width (W) and an H:W ratio in the range of from 9:1 to 15:1, wherein the total volume of said reaction medium is greater than 1,000 cubic meters.
8. The process of claim 1 wherein said process further comprises introducing a predominately liquid-phase feed stream comprising said oxidizable compound into said bubble column reactor.
9. The process of claim 8 wherein said oxidizable compound enters said bubble column reactor at a mass flow rate of at least 11,000 kilograms per hour.
10. The process of claim 8 wherein said oxidizable compound enters said bubble column reactor at a space-time rate in the range of from about 25 to about 400 kilograms per cubic meter per hour.
11. The process of claim 8 wherein said oxidizable compound is para-xylene, wherein said para-xylene enters said bubble column reactor at a mass flow rate in the range of from about 20,000 to about 100,000 kilograms per hour, wherein said para-xylene enters said bubble column reactor at a space-time rate in the range of from about 35 to about 150 kilograms per cubic meter per hour, wherein said bubble column reactor produces terephthalic acid at a rate of at least 700 tons per day.
12. The process of claim 8 wherein said process further comprises introducing a predominately gas-phase oxidant stream comprising molecular oxygen into said bubble column reactor.
13. The process of claim 12 wherein the ratio of the mass flow rate of said oxidant stream to the mass flow rate of said oxidizable compound is in the range of from about 0.5:1 to about 20:1.
14. The process of claim 12 wherein said reaction medium has a maximum height (H), wherein at least 30 weight percent of said oxidizable compound enters said reaction zone within about 1.5H of the lowest location where said molecular oxygen enters said reaction zone.
15. The process of claim 12 wherein said reaction medium has a maximum width (W), wherein a majority of said molecular oxygen enters said reaction zone within about 0.25W of the bottom of said reaction zone.
16. The process of claim 15 wherein said reaction medium has a maximum height (H), wherein a majority of said molecular oxygen enters said reaction zone within about 0.025H of the bottom of said reaction zone.
17. The process of claim 16 wherein at least 50 weight percent of said oxidizable compound enters said reaction zone within about 2.5H of the lowest location where said molecular oxygen enters said reaction zone.
18. The process of claim 17 wherein a majority of said molecular oxygen enters said reaction zone within about 0.2W and about 0.02H of the bottom of said reaction zone.
19. The process of claim 18 wherein said feed stream is introduced into said reaction zone via a plurality of feed openings, wherein at least two of said feed openings are vertically spaced from one another by at least 0.5W.
20. The process of claim 1 wherein said bubble column reactor has an X:W ratio in the range of from 1.1:1 to about 2:1.
21. The process of claim 1 wherein the pressure at the top of said reaction medium is in the range of from about 1 to about 20 barg.
22. The process of claim 1 wherein the pressure at the top of said reaction medium is in the range of from about 2 to about 12 barg.