Apparatus and associated methods
View Patent ↗An electrode comprises graphene, titanium dioxide and a binder, the binder configured to facilitate the binding together of the graphene and titanium dioxide to form the electrode.
1. An electrical storage apparatus comprising:
an electrode formulation comprising graphene platelets, titanium dioxide, one or more lithium salts, and a poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) binder, the binder configured to facilitate the binding together of the graphene, titanium dioxide, and the one or more lithium salts to form the electrode,
wherein the electrode formulation is a poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate)-modified graphene ink comprising a reduced mixture of graphene oxide comprising suspended graphene oxide platelets modified with the binder,
wherein the reduced mixture of the graphene oxide further comprises the titanium dioxide as nanoparticles; and
wherein the electrode formulation is aqueous or non-aqueous;
wherein the electrical storage apparatus comprises first and second electrodes and an electrolyte without a separator; and
wherein the electrolyte is configured to allow the transfer of mobile ions to and/or from the first and/or second electrodes to enable the generation and/or storage of electrical energy; and
wherein the lithium salt comprises one or more of LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , and LiClO 4 .
2. The electrical storage apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte is a solid or gel electrolyte.
3. The electrical storage apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the solid or gel electrolyte comprises lithium phosphorous oxynitride.
4. The electrical storage apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte is a polymer electrolyte.
5. The electrical storage apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the polymer comprises one or more of the following: derivates of poly(ethylene oxide), and borate ester groups.
6. The electrical storage apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the electrical storage apparatus is a lithium-metal battery, a lithium-ion battery, or a lithium-ion capacitor.
7. The electrical storage apparatus of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first and second electrodes is disposed on a self-supporting charge-collecting substrate.