Secure communication over passive optical network (PON) with quantum encryption
View Patent ↗Systems and methods to communicate securely includes communicating quantum encryption data on a first wavelength-division multiplexing passive optical network (WDM-PON); and communicating data over separate classical channels of a second WDM-PON, wherein the second WDM-PON synchronizes with the first WDM-PON while providing data communication over the classical channels.
1. A secure communication system, comprising
a first wavelength-division multiplexing passive optical network (WDM-PON) to perform quantum encryption, the first WDM-PON providing quantum channels for quantum encryption; and
a synchronization device having a second WDM-PON to synchronize with the first WDM-PON and to provide separate classical channels for data communication,
a server coupled to the first and second WDM-PONs; and
computer readable storage medium configured with a program to determine length difference for fibers connecting the server and different users, where for m users, each user is connected with the server via a fiber link l i (iε[1,m]), and ∀iε[1,m−1], l i <l i+1 :
T
(
l
)
=
2
l
nc
,
where l is a length of fiber connecting the server and a user, n is a refractive index of fiber, and c is a speed of light, and T(l i ) represents a round-trip time for a signal to travel between the server and i th user.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein a time span T(l m −l 1 ) of all m synchronization signals that correspond to one signal sent by the server is less then a pulse repetition period of a laser source.
3. The system of claim 1 , comprising an array of quantum transmitters to generate continuous wave laser beams at different frequencies.
4. The system of claim 2 , wherein outputs from the quantum transmitters are combined into one fibre with a WDM.
5. The system of claim 2 , wherein the combined output beam is shaped into pulses at a repetition rate with an amplitude modulator.
6. The system of claim 1 , comprising a user photo diode to detect the synchronization signal and trigger a user phase modulator to encode quantum information.
7. The system of claim 1 , wherein each user is associated with a unique fiber length mismatch between a quantum fiber and a classical fiber.
8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the synchronization unit provides up-stream and down-stream synchronization.
9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the synchronization unit sends a synchronization signal from each synchronization transmitter for each quantum pulse generated.
10. The system of claim 1 , wherein the synchronization unit calibrates a delay time between an emission of a quantum signal and an emission of a synchronization signal dedicated for a user.
11. The system of claim 1 , wherein quantum signals and synchronization signals are sent to a local hub.
12. The system of claim 1 , wherein each user is assigned a quantum signal and a synchronization signal.
13. The system of claim 1 , comprising a Faraday mirror to reflect an encoded quantum signal.
14. The system of claim 1 , comprising a splitter to separate synchronization signals according to wavelengths.
15. The system of claim 1 , wherein a synchronization signal from each user is sent to a designated photo diode.
16. The system of claim 1 , comprising a server having a phase modulator and single photon detector triggered by a detection signal from a photo diode, wherein the server records a bit value and a sender if one of the single photon detector clicks.
17. A method to communicate securely, comprising:
communicating quantum encryption key data on a first wavelength-division multiplexing passive optical network (WDM-PON);
communicating data over separate classical channels of a second WDM-PON, wherein the second WDM-PON synchronizes with the first WDM-PON while providing data communication over the classical channels; and
determining a length difference for fibers connecting the server and different users, where for m users, each user is connected with the server via a fiber link l i (iε[1,m]), and ∀iε[1,m−1], l i <l i+1 :
T
(
l
)
=
2
l
nc
,
where l is a length of fiber connecting the server and a user, n is a refractive index of fiber, and c is a speed of light, and T(l i ) represents a round-trip time for a signal to travel between the server and i th user.
18. The method of claim 17 , comprising calibrating intensity and frequency of a quantum transmission.
19. The method of claim 17 , comprising calibrating a delay time for each synchronization transmission.
20. The method of claim 17 , comprising combining quantum signals and synchronization signals from different users into at least one fiber.
21. The method of claim 17 , comprising detecting at a server a quantum data bit, activating a single photon detector to detect the data bit value, and identifying which synchronization receiver sent the bit.