Gravure printing method

1. A gravure printing method comprising:

patterning a substrate to form a printing substrate having a recess portion and a convex portion;

forming a first, hydrophilic, self-assembled monolayer on the surface of the recess portion;

forming a second, hydrophobic, self-assembled monolayer on the surface of the convex portion;

filling the recess portion with an ink, wherein the ink includes a polar solvent; and

transferring the ink in the recess portion onto a printing object substrate,

wherein an attractive force is generated between the first, hydrophilic, self-assembled monolayer and the polar solvent attracting the ink into the recess portion to fill the recess portion with the ink, and a repulsive force is generated between the second, hydrophobic, self-assembled monolayer and the polar solvent repelling the ink from the surface of the convex portion.

2. The gravure printing method of claim 1 , wherein

the forming of the first self-assembled monolayer comprises:

forming a first hydroxyl group on the surface of the recess portion, and

combining the first hydroxyl group and a compound including a hydrophilic group; and

the forming of the second self-assembled monolayer comprises:

forming a second hydroxyl group on the surface of the convex portion, and

combining the second hydroxyl group and a compound including a hydrophobic group.

3. The gravure printing method of claim 2 , wherein: the forming of the first hydroxyl group comprises using one of UV (ultraviolet)/ozone, plasma, a basic solution, and an acidic solution; and the forming of the second hydroxyl group comprises using a basic solution.

4. The gravure printing method of claim 3 , wherein

the compound comprising the hydrophilic group includes at least one of

trichlorosilane, dichloro-monomethylsilane, monochloro-dimethylsilane substituted with the hydrophilic group, and the hydrophilic group including at least one of a glycol, an alcohol, and an amine, and

the compound including the hydrophobic group comprises at least one of

trichlorosilane, dichloro-monomethylsilane, and monochloro-dimethylsilane substituted with the hydrophobic group, and the hydrophobic group including an alkyl or aromatic group.

5. The gravure printing method of claim 1 , wherein

the forming of the first self-assembled monolayer comprises:

forming a first hydroxyl group on the surface of the recess portion; and

combining the first hydroxyl group and a compound including a hydrophobic group; and

the forming of the second self-assembled monolayer comprises:

forming a second hydroxyl group on the surface of the convex portion, and

combining the second hydroxyl group and a compound including a hydrophilic group.

6. The gravure printing method of claim 5 , wherein

the ink comprises a non-polar solvent.

7. The gravure printing method of claim 6 , wherein

the forming of the first hydroxyl group comprises using one of UV (ultraviolet)/ozone, plasma, a basic solution, and an acidic solution, and

the forming of the second hydroxyl group comprises using a basic solution.

8. The gravure printing method of claim 7 , wherein

the compound including the hydrophilic group comprises at least one of

trichlorosilane, dichloro-monomethylsilane, and monochloro-dimethylsilane substituted with the hydrophilic group, and the hydrophilic group including at least one of a glycol, an alcohol, and an amine, and

the compound including the hydrophobic group comprises at least one of

trichlorosilane, dichloro-monomethylsilane, and monochloro-dimethylsilane substituted with the hydrophobic group, and the hydrophobic group including an alkyl or aromatic group.

9. The gravure printing method of claim 1 , wherein

the patterning of the substrate to form the printing substrate comprises forming a photoresist pattern on a portion of the substrate corresponding to the convex portion.

10. The gravure printing method of claim 9 , wherein

the forming of the first self-assembled monolayer is executed in a state in which the photoresist pattern is in contact with the substrate.

11. The gravure printing method of claim 1 , wherein

the filling the recess portion with the ink comprises:

injecting the ink into the recess portion; and

removing the ink disposed on a region of the printing substrate other than the recess portion by using a blade.

12. The gravure printing method of claim 11 , wherein

the transferring of the ink in the recess portion to the printing object substrate comprises:

rotating a blanket at the surface of the printing substrate to transfer the ink in the recess portion to the blanket, and

transferring the ink transferred to the blanket from the blanket to the printing object substrate.

13. The gravure printing method of claim 12 , wherein

the forming of the first self-assembled monolayer comprises:

forming a first hydroxyl group on the surface of the recess portion, and combining the first hydroxyl group and a compound including a hydrophilic group; and the forming of the second self-assembled monolayer comprises:

forming a second hydroxyl group on the surface of the convex portion; and

combining the second hydroxyl group and the compound including a hydrophobic group.

14. The gravure printing method of claim 12 , wherein

the compound comprising the hydrophilic group comprises at least one of

trichlorosilane, dichloro-monomethylsilane, and monochloro-dimethylsilane substituted with the hydrophilic group, the hydrophilic group including at least one of a glycol, an alcohol, and an amine, and

the compound comprising the hydrophobic group comprises at least one of

trichlorosilane, dichloro-monomethylsilane, and monochloro-dimethylsilane substituted with the hydrophobic group, the hydrophobic group including an alkyl or aromatic group.

15. The gravure printing method of claim 14 , wherein

the patterning of the substrate to form the printing substrate comprises forming

a photoresist pattern on the portion of the substrate corresponding to the convex portion.

16. The gravure printing method of claim 15 , wherein

the forming of the first self-assembled monolayer is executed in a state in which the photoresist pattern is present on the substrate.

17. The gravure printing method of claim 2 , wherein

the ink comprises a non-polar solvent.

18. The gravure printing method of claim 17 , wherein

the forming of the first self-assembled monolayer comprises:

forming a first hydroxyl group on the surface of the recess portion, and

combining the first hydroxyl group and a compound including a hydrophobic group; and

the forming of the second self-assembled monolayer on the surface of the convex portion comprises:

forming a second hydroxyl group on the surface of the convex portion, and

combining the second hydroxyl group and the compound including a hydrophilic group.

19. The gravure printing method of claim 18 , wherein

the compound including the hydrophilic group comprises at least one of

trichlorosilane, dichloro-monomethylsilane, and monochloro-dimethylsilane substituted with the hydrophilic group, the hydrophilic group including at least one of a glycol, an alcohol, and an amine, and

the compound including the hydrophobic group comprises at least one of

trichlorosilane, dichloro-monomethylsilane, and monochloro-dimethylsilane substituted with the hydrophobic group, the hydrophilic group including an alkyl or aromatic group.

20. The gravure printing method of claim 19 , wherein

the patterning of the substrate to form the printing substrate comprises forming a photoresist pattern on a portion of the substrate corresponding to the convex portion.

21. The gravure printing method of claim 20 , wherein

the forming of the first self-assembled monolayer is executed in a state in which the photoresist pattern is present on the substrate.