Electrophotographic photoreceptor, process cartridge image forming apparatus, and cured film

1. An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising:

a conductive substrate; and

a photosensitive layer provided on the conductive substrate,

an outermost surface layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a cured film of a composition containing a charge transporting material having a chain polymerizable functional group and at least one selected from a nitroso compound, a nitrone compound or a nitro compound, wherein

the nitroso compound is a compound represented by the following Formula (M1):

R 201 —N═O  (M1),

where R 201 represents a monovalent substituent group,

the nitrone compound is a compound represented by the following Formula (M2A) or Formula (M2B):

where in Formula (M2A), R 101 , R 102 and R 103 each independently represent a monovalent substituent group; and, in Formula (M2B), R 104 and R 105 each independently represent a monovalent substituent group, and

the nitro compound is a compound represented by the following Formula (M3):

R 301 —NO 2   (M3)

where R 301 represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, an ester group, an amino group, an alkylamino group, an amido group, a cyano group, an ether group, a halogen atom, or a carboxyl group.

2. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 , wherein the compound selected from a nitroso compound, a nitrone compound, or a nitro compound is the nitroso compound, and in Formula (M1) R 201 represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms.

3. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 , wherein the compound selected from a nitroso compound, a nitrone compound, or a nitro compound is the nitrone compound, and in Formula (M2A) at least one of R 101 , R 102 or R 103 represents a substituted or unsubstituted cyclic structure having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.

4. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 , wherein the compound selected from a nitroso compound, a nitrone compound, or a nitro compound is the nitrone compound, and in Formula (M2B) at least one of R 104 or R 105 represents a substituted or unsubstituted cyclic structure having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.

5. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 , wherein the compound selected from a nitroso compound, a nitrone compound, or a nitro compound is the nitrone compound.

6. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 , wherein the charge transporting material includes at least one compound represented by the following Formula (I):

wherein, in Formula (I), F represents an n-valent organic group having hole transportability; R represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group; L represents a divalent organic group; n represents an integer of 1 or more; and j represents 0 or 1.

7. A process cartridge comprising

the electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 ; and

at least one selected from the group consisting of a charging unit that charges the electrophotographic photoreceptor, a developing unit that develops an electrostatic latent image formed on the electrophotographic photoreceptor by attaching a toner thereto and a cleaning unit that removes residual toner from the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor.

8. An image forming apparatus comprising

the electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 ,

a charging unit that charges the electrophotographic photoreceptor;

an electrostatic latent image forming unit that forms an electrostatic latent image on the surface of the charged electrophotographic photoreceptor;

a developing unit that develops the electrostatic latent image formed on the electrophotographic photoreceptor by attaching a toner thereto to form a toner image; and

a transfer unit that transfers the toner image to a transfer medium.

9. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 , wherein, in Formula (M2A), R 101 and R 103 each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted cyclic structure having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or R 101 and R 102 each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted cyclic structure having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.

10. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 , wherein the compound selected from a nitroso compound, a nitrone compound, or a nitro compound is at least one selected from the group consisting of nitrobenzene, nitrosobenzene, 4-oxo-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl free radical, and 3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide.

11. A cured film of a composition comprising a charge transporting material having a chain polymerizable functional group and at least one selected from a nitroso compound, a nitrone compound or a nitro compound, wherein

the nitroso compound is a compound represented by the following Formula (M1):

R 201 —N═O  (M1),

where R 201 represents a monovalent substituent group,

the nitrone compound is a compound represented by the following Formula (M2A) or Formula (M2B):

where in Formula (M2A), R 101 , R 102 and R 103 each independently represent a monovalent substituent group; and, in Formula (M2B), R 104 and R 105 each independently represent a monovalent substituent group, and

the nitro compound is a compound represented by the following Formula (M3):

R 301 —NO 2   (M3)

where R 301 represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, an ester group, an amino group, an alkylamino group, an amido group, a cyano group, an ether group, a halogen atom, or a carboxyl group.

12. The cured film according to claim 11 , wherein the compound selected from a nitroso compound, a nitrone compound, or a nitro compound is the nitro compound represented by the following Formula (M3):

R 301 —NO 2   (M3)

wherein, in Formula (M3), R 301 represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms.

13. The cured film according to claim 11 , wherein the charge transporting material includes at least one compound represented by the following Formula (I):

wherein, in Formula (I), F represents an n-valent organic group having hole transportability; R represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group; L represents a divalent organic group; n represents an integer of 1 or more; and j represents 0 or 1.

14. An organic electroluminescent device comprising:

an anode;

a hole transporting layer;

an emitting layer; and

a cathode,

wherein the hole transporting layer includes the cured film according to claim 11 .

15. A cured film of a composition comprising a charge transporting material having a chain polymerizable functional group and a nitrone compound,

wherein the nitrone compound is a compound represented by the following Formula (M2A) or Formula (M2B):

where in Formula (M2A), R 101 , R 102 and R 103 each independently represent a monovalent substituent group; and, in Formula (M2B), R 104 and R 105 each independently represent a monovalent substituent group.