Process and plant or refining raw materials containing organic constituents

1. A process for refining raw materials containing at least one of oil and bitumen, the process comprising:

supplying the raw materials to a fluidized bed reactor;

volatilizing the raw materials to generate fuel gas in the reactor at a reactor temperature of from 300 to 1000° C. and at a reactor pressure of from 0.001 to 1 bar;

obtaining at least one gas stream containing light hydrocarbons from the reactor and recycling the at least one gas stream to the reactor as a fluidizing gas;

introducing solids remaining in the reactor, including non-evaporated fractions of heavy hydrocarbons, into a furnace;

performing a staged combustion of the non-evaporated fractions of heavy hydrocarbons in a substoichiometric stage and in a superstoichiometric stage in the furnace at a furnace temperature of from 600 to 1500° C. so as to obtain hot solids in the furnace;

recirculating the hot solids from the furnace into the reactor; and

separating, by a sealing device, an oxidizing atmosphere of the furnace from an atmosphere of the reactor.

2. The process as recited in claim 1 , wherein the reactor temperature is 500 to 800° C.

3. The process as recited in claim 1 , wherein the furnace temperature is 700 to 900° C.

4. The process as recited in claim 1 , further comprising at least one of drying the raw materials at a drying temperature of from 105 to 120° C. in at least one dryer and preheating the raw materials to a preheating temperature of from 110 to 300° C. in at least one preheater before the supplying of the raw materials to the reactor.

5. The process as recited in claim 4 , further comprising obtaining at least one gas stream containing light hydrocarbons from at least one of the at least one dryer and the at least one preheater and supplying the at least one gas stream to the reactor with the fluidizing gas.

6. The process as recited in claim 5 , wherein the fluidizing gas includes at least one of nitrogen, air, oxygen, hydrogen and a waste gas from the furnace.

7. The process as recited in claim 1 , wherein the fluidizing gas includes at least one of nitrogen, air, oxygen, hydrogen and a waste gas from the furnace.

8. The process as recited in claim 1 , wherein the fuel gas is expelled from the solids in the reactor by distillation.

9. The process as recited in claim 1 , further comprising supplying an additional fuel to the furnace as at least one of untreated raw materials, coal obtained in the reactor, and fuel gas obtained in the reactor.

10. The process as recited in claim 1 , further comprising recovering heat generated in the furnace from at least one of a waste gas and a calcination residue.

11. A process for refining raw materials containing at least one of oil and bitumen, the process comprising;

supplying the raw materials to a reactor;

volatilizing the raw materials to generate fuel gas in the reactor at a reactor temperature of from 300 to 1000° C. and at a reactor pressure of from 0.001 to 1 bar;

introducing solids remaining in the reactor, including non-evaporated fractions of heavy hydrocarbons, into a furnace;

performing a staged combustion of the non-evaporated fractions of heavy hydrocarbons in a substoichiornetric stage and in a superstoichiometric stage in the furnace at a furnace temperature of from 600 to 1500° C. so as to obtain hot solids in the furnace, at least a pad of the waste gas from the substoichiometric stage being combined with the fuel gas from the reactor;

recirculating the hot solids from the furnace into the reactor; and

separating, by a sealing device, an oxidizing atmosphere of the furnace from an atmosphere of the reactor.