Lithium doped cathode material
View Patent ↗Lithium dopant is introduced into lithium rich high capacity positive electrode active materials as a substitution for manganese within the complex metal oxides. In some embodiments, the lithium doped compositions can be written in a two component notation as x.Li 2 MnO 3 .(1−x)LiNi u+Δ Mn u−Δ−d Li d Co w O 2 , where d ranges from about 0.004 to about 0.25 and 2u+w is approximately equal to 1. The materials are believed to form a layer-layer composite crystal structure that has very good cycling properties at high voltages, although the materials exhibit significant first cycle irreversible capacity loss.
1. A positive electrode active material for a lithium ion battery comprising a layered lithium doped lithium metal oxide composition approximately represented by a formula xLi 2 MnO 3 .(1-x)LiNi u+Δ Mn u−Δ−d Li d Co w A y O 2 , x ranges from about 0.03 to about 0.55, d ranges from about 0.004 to about 0.05, 2u+w+y is approximately equal to 1, Δ ranges from about −0.0019 to about 0.0019, w ranges from about 0.2 to about 0.475, u ranges from about 0.2 to about 0.4, y ranges from 0 to about 0.1 with the proviso that both (u+Δ) and w are not both 0 and A is Mg, Sr, Ba, Cd, Zn, Al, Ga, B, Zr, Ti, Ca, Ce, Y, Nb, Cr, Fe, V, or combinations thereof.
2. The positive electrode active material of claim 1 wherein x ranges from about 0.075 to about 0.50.
3. The positive electrode active material of claim 1 wherein y is approximately equal to 0.
4. The positive electrode active material of claim 1 further comprising a metal fluoride coating.
5. The positive electrode active material of claim 1 further comprising a metal oxide coating.
6. A positive electrode for a lithium-based battery, the electrode comprising the positive electrode active material of claim 1 , from about 1 weight percent to about 25 weight percent distinct electrically conductive powder and a polymer binder.
7. A lithium-based battery comprising a negative electrode, the positive electrode of claim 6 , a separator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode and an electrolyte comprising lithium ions.
8. The lithium-based battery of claim 7 wherein the negative electrode comprises graphitic carbon active material.