A gas generator 10 includes an auto-ignition/booster composition 212 that contains a metal chlorate such as potassium chlorate as an oxidizer, a carboxylic acid such as DL-tartaric acid as a primary fuel, a secondary oxidizer such as strontium nitrate, and if desired, a secondary fuel such as 5-aminotetrazole. The auto-ignition/booster composition 212 and a separate provision of ammonium nitrate or phase stabilized ammonium nitrate 228 are provided within a single combustion/decomposition chamber 222 for the production of gas, upon actuation of the gas generator 10 . Vehicle occupant protection systems 180 , containing the gas generator 10 , are also provided.
1. A gas generator comprising:
a housing;
a combustion/decomposition chamber within the housing;
an auto-ignition/booster composition contained within the combustion/decomposition chamber; and
ammonium nitrate or phase stabilized ammonium nitrate contained as a neat compound within the combustion/decomposition chamber and in operable and vapor communication with said auto-ignition/booster composition, said ammonium nitrate or phase stabilized ammonium nitrate separate from but adjacent to said auto-ignition/booster composition;
wherein upon actuation of said gas generator, the auto-ignition/booster composition is ignitable to initiate decomposition of the ammonium nitrate or phase stabilized ammonium nitrate within the combustion/decomposition chamber.
2. A gas generator comprising:
a housing;
a combustion/decomposition chamber within the housing;
an auto-ignition/booster composition contained within the combustion/decomposition chamber; and
ammonium nitrate or phase stabilized ammonium nitrate contained within the combustion/decomposition chamber and in vapor communication with said auto-ignition/booster composition, said ammonium nitrate or phase stabilized ammonium nitrate is provided neat and separate and discrete from but juxtaposed to said auto-ignition/booster composition.
3. The gas generator of claim 1 wherein said auto-ignition/booster composition contains:
a metal chlorate as a first oxidizer;
a primary fuel selected from carboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acids, and mixtures thereof; and
a second oxidizer not having perchlorate character.
4. The auto-ignition/booster composition of claim 3 wherein said metal chlorate is provided at about 10-20 wt %, and said primary fuel is provided at about 15-45 wt %, and said second oxidizer is provided at about 30-50 wt %, said percentages stated by weight of the total composition.
5. The auto-ignition composition of claim 3 wherein said composition further comprises a secondary fuel selected from tetrazoles, triazoles, furazans, and salts thereof, said secondary fuel provided at about 0.1-30 wt %.
6. The auto-ignition/booster composition of claim 3 wherein said primary fuel is selected from tartaric acid and its isomers, succinic acid, glutamic acid, adipic acid, mucic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, fumaric acid, galactaric acid, glycolic acid, citric acid, L-malic acid, and mixtures thereof.
7. The composition of claim 6 comprising DL-tartaric acid at about 19-28 wt %, potassium chlorate at about 12-30 wt %, 5-aminotetrazole at about 15-25 wt %, and strontium nitrate at about 30-50 wt %, said percentages stated by weight of the total composition.
8. The composition of claim 3 wherein said secondary oxidizer is selected from metal, basic metal, and nonmetal nitrates, nitrites, oxides, and chlorates.
9. The gas generator of claim 1 further including a coolant for cooling of gases exiting from said combustion/decomposition chamber.
10. The gas generator of claim 9 wherein said coolant is selected from alkali metal and alkaline earth metal formates, acetates, and chlorides; glycols; alcohols; and mixtures thereof.
11. The gas generator of claim 10 wherein said coolant is selected from an aqueous solution of potassium formate, propylene glycol, potassium acetate, ethyl alcohol, and mixtures thereof.
12. The gas generator of claim 1 further including a filter for filtration of gases exiting from said decomposition/decomposition chamber.
13. The gas generator of claim 1 wherein said ammonium nitrate or phase stabilized ammonium nitrate is separate and discretely juxtaposed to said auto-ignition/booster composition.
14. The gas generator of claim 1 wherein said ammonium nitrate is interspersed within a bed of said auto-ignition/booster composition.