Methods of diagnosing non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)
Non-invasive methods for detecting non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and identifying the presence or absence of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in a subject utilize one or more biomarkers. The methods can differentiate between subjects with NASH and those with simple steatosis. Kits containing one or more agents for measuring the level of the biomarkers can be utilized to perform the described methods.
1. A method for detecting non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in a subject, the method comprising:
a. measuring the level of one or more biomarkers in the sample derived subject, wherein the one or more biomarkers comprises an adipocytokine, an apoptosis marker, a cell death marker, or any combination thereof; and
b. analyzing the level in conjunction with one or more clinical variables or echographic variables, or any combination thereof.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more clinical variables comprises the age, gender, body mass index, metabolism, resistance, or disorder of a subject, or any combination thereof.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the metabolism comprises glucose metabolism.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the resistance comprises insulin resistance.
5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the disorder comprises diabetes, hyperlipidemia, or obesity, or any combination thereof.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more clinical variables comprise a determined variable or a previously determined variable, or any combination thereof.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the one or more echographic variables comprise a determined variable or a previously determined variable, or any combination thereof.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the NAFLD is a simple steatosis, steatosis with non-specific inflammation, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), or NASH-related cirrhosis.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more markers comprise at least two biomarkers and two more of the biomarkers are measured.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more biomarkers comprises cytokeratin CK-18 (M65 antigen), Caspase-cleaved CK-18 (M30-antigen), resistin, adiponectin, visfatin, glucose, insulin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin 6 (IL-6), or interleukin 8 (IL-8 and eight), or any combination thereof.
11. The method of claim 1 , further comprising measuring the level of necrosis by subtracting the level of apoptosis marker from the level of cell death marker.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein said measuring comprises reacting with a specific antibody against the one or more biomarkers, or any fragment thereof containing an antigenic determinant.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein said measuring comprises conducting enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), radioimmunoassay (RIA), immunofluorescent assay (IFA), sandwich assay, magnetic capture, microsphere capture, Western blot, surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), flow cytometry, or mass spectrometry.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein said measuring comprises an adipocytokine, an apoptosis marker, a cell death marker, or any combination thereof, in a multiplex assay.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sample comprises blood, serum, plasma, urine, saliva, cerebrospinal fluid, tissue, or tissue extract.
16. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
a. generating data on the sample indicating the level of one or more biomarkers;
b. transforming the data into computer readable form;
c. operating a computer to execute an algorithm wherein the algorithm determines the level of said one or more biomarkers; and
d. displaying the level.
17. A method for screening a subject to identify the presence or absence of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in the subject, the method comprising:
a. measuring the level of one or more biomarkers in a sample derived from the subject, wherein the one or more biomarkers comprises an adipocytokine, an apoptosis marker, a cell death marker, or any combination thereof; and
b. analyzing the level in conjunction with one or more clinical variables or echographic variables, or any combination thereof.
18. A method for evaluating the effect of an agent for treating non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in the subject, the method comprising:
a. measuring the level of one or more biomarkers in a sample derived from the subject, wherein the one or more biomarkers comprises an adipocytokine, an apoptosis marker, a cell death marker, or any combination thereof; and
b. analyzing the level in conjunction with one or more clinical variables or echographic variables, or any combination thereof.
19. A method for monitoring the efficacy of a therapy for treating non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in a subject, the method comprising:
a. measuring the level of one or more biomarkers in a sample derived from the subject, wherein the one or more biomarkers comprises an adipocytokine, an apoptosis marker, a cell death marker, or any combination thereof; and
b. analyzing the level in conjunction with one or more clinical variables or echographic variables, or any combination thereof.