Club fitting system

1. A method of determining a reference lie angle for at least one iron-type golf club custom-fit for a player, the method comprising:

a) providing a primary lie board having a horizontal hitting surface;

b) providing a secondary lie board having an oblique hitting surface inclined relative to the horizontal surface, the secondary lie board comprising a flat lie-angle orientation and an upright lie-angle orientation;

c) providing a test club comprising a sole and a test lie angle, the test club having a predetermined relationship with the at least one iron-type golf club;

d) providing a gauge comprising a toe region, a heel region, and an intermediate region;

e) applying the gauge to the sole of the test club;

f) directing the player to swing the test club relative to the horizontal hitting surface to impact the gauge against the horizontal hitting surface, whereby a first witness mark is produced on the gauge;

g) identifying whether the first witness mark is proximate the toe region, the heel region, or the intermediate region;

h) if the first witness mark is proximate the intermediate region, selecting the at least one iron-type golf club wherein the reference lie angle is substantially equal to the test lie angle;

i) if the first witness mark is proximate the heel region, directing the player to swing the test club relative to the oblique hitting surface, with the secondary lie board in the flat lie-angle orientation, to impact the gauge against the oblique hitting surface, whereby a second witness mark is produced on the gauge;

j) identifying whether the second witness mark of step (i) is proximate the toe region, the heel region, or the intermediate region, the toe region associated with a first flat lie-angle value, the intermediate region associated with a second flat lie-angle value, and the heel region associated with a third flat lie-angle value;

k) if the second witness mark of step (i) is proximate the toe region, selecting the at least one iron-type golf club wherein the reference lie angle is substantially equal to the difference between the test lie angle and the first flat lie-angle value;

l) if the second witness mark of step (i) is proximate the intermediate region, selecting the at least one iron-type golf club wherein the reference lie angle is substantially equal to the difference between the test lie angle and the second flat lie-angle value;

m) if the second witness mark of step (i) is proximate the heel region, selecting the at least one iron-type golf club wherein the reference lie angle is substantially equal to the difference between the test lie angle and the third flat lie-angle value;

n) if the first witness mark is proximate the toe region, directing the player to swing the test club off the oblique hitting surface, with the secondary lie board in the upright lie-angle orientation, to impact the gauge against the oblique hitting surface, whereby the second witness mark is produced on the gauge;

o) identifying whether the second witness mark of step (n) is proximate the toe region, the heel region, or the intermediate region, the toe region associated with a first upright lie-angle value, the intermediate region associated with a second upright lie-angle value, and the heel region associated with a third upright lie-angle value;

p) if the second witness mark of step (n) is proximate the toe region, selecting the at least one iron-type golf club wherein the reference lie angle is substantially equal to the sum of the test lie angle and the first upright lie-angle value;

q) if the second witness mark of step (n) is proximate the intermediate region, selecting the at least one iron-type golf club wherein the reference lie angle is substantially equal to the sum of the test lie angle and the second upright lie-angle value; and

r) if the second witness mark of step (n) is proximate the heel region, selecting the at least one iron-type golf club wherein the reference lie angle is substantially equal to the sum of the test lie angle and the third upright lie-angle value.

2. A method of determining a reference lie angle for at least one iron-type golf club custom-fit for a player, the method comprising:

a) providing a horizontal hitting surface;

b) providing an oblique hitting surface inclined relative to the horizontal surface, the oblique hitting surface comprising a flat lie-angle orientation and an upright lie-angle orientation;

c) providing a test club comprising a sole and a test lie angle, the test club having a predetermined relationship with the at least one iron-type golf club;

d) providing a gauge comprising a toe region, a heel region, and a intermediate region;

e) applying the gauge to the sole of the test club;

f) directing the player to swing the test club relative to the horizontal hitting surface to impact the gauge against the horizontal hitting surface, whereby a first witness mark is produced on the gauge;

g) identifying whether the first witness mark is proximate the toe region, the heel region, or the intermediate region;

h) if the first witness mark is proximate the intermediate region, selecting the at least one iron-type golf club wherein the reference lie angle is substantially equal to the test lie angle;

i) if the first witness mark is proximate the heel region, directing the player to swing the test club relative to the oblique hitting surface, with the oblique hitting surface in the flat lie-angle orientation, to impact the gauge against the oblique hitting surface, whereby a second witness mark is produced on the gauge;

j) identifying whether the second witness mark of step (i) is proximate the toe region, the heel region, or the intermediate region, the toe region associated with a first flat lie-angle value, the intermediate region associated with a second flat lie-angle value, and the heel region associated with a third flat lie-angle value;

k) if the second witness mark of step (i) is proximate the toe region, selecting the at least one iron-type golf club wherein the reference lie angle is substantially equal to the difference between the test lie angle and the first flat lie-angle value;

l) if the second witness mark of step (i) is proximate the intermediate region, selecting the at least one iron-type golf club wherein the reference lie angle is substantially equal to the difference between the lie angle and the second flat lie-angle value;

m) if the second witness mark of step (i) is proximate the heel region, selecting the at least one iron-type golf club wherein the reference lie angle is substantially equal to the difference between the test lie angle and the third flat lie-angle value;

n) if the first witness mark is proximate the toe region, directing the player to swing the test club relative to the oblique hitting surface, with the oblique hitting surface in the upright lie-angle orientation, to impact the gauge against the oblique hitting surface, whereby the second witness mark is produced on the gauge;

o) identifying whether the second witness mark of step (n) is proximate the toe region, the heel region, or the intermediate region, the toe region associated with a first upright lie-angle value, the intermediate region associated with a second upright lie-angle value, and the heel region associated with a third upright lie-angle value;

p) if the second witness mark of step (n) is proximate the toe region, selecting the at least one iron-type golf club wherein the reference lie angle is substantially equal to the sum of the test lie angle and the first upright lie-angle value;

q) if the second witness mark of step (n) is proximate the intermediate region, selecting the at least one iron-type golf club wherein the reference lie angle is substantially equal to the sum of the test lie angle and the second upright lie-angle value; and

r) if the second witness mark of step (n) is proximate the heel region, selecting the at least one iron-type golf club wherein the reference lie angle is substantially equal to the sum of the test lie angle and the third upright lie-angle value.

3. A method of determining a reference lie angle for at least one iron-type golf club custom-fit for a player, the method comprising:

a) providing a horizontal hitting surface;

b) providing an oblique hitting surface inclined relative to the horizontal surface, the oblique hitting surface comprising a flat lie-angle orientation and an upright lie-angle orientation;

c) providing a test club comprising a sole and a test lie angle, the test club having a predetermined relationship with the at least one iron-type golf club;

d) providing a first gauge and a second gauge, each comprising a toe region, a heel region, and a intermediate region;

e) applying the first gauge to the sole of the test club;

f) directing the player to swing the test club relative to the horizontal hitting surface to impact the first gauge against the horizontal hitting surface, whereby a first witness mark is produced on the first gauge;

g) identifying whether the first witness mark is proximate the toe region, the heel region, or the intermediate region;

h) if the first witness mark is proximate the intermediate region, selecting the at least one iron-type golf club wherein the reference lie angle is substantially equal to the test lie angle;

i) if the first witness mark is proximate the heel region, removing the first gauge from the sole of the test club, applying the second gauge to the sole of the test club, directing the player to swing the test club relative to the oblique hitting surface, with the oblique hitting surface in the flat lie-angle orientation, to impact the second gauge against the oblique hitting surface, whereby a second witness mark is produced on the second gauge;

j) identifying whether the second witness mark of step (i) is proximate the toe region, the heel region, or the intermediate region, the toe region associated with a first flat lie-angle value, the intermediate region associated with a second flat lie-angle value, and the heel region associated with a third flat lie-angle value;

k) if the second witness mark of step (i) is proximate the toe region, selecting the at least one iron-type golf club wherein the reference lie angle is substantially equal to the difference between the test lie angle and the first flat lie-angle value;

l) if the second witness mark of step (i) is proximate the intermediate region, selecting the at least one iron-type golf club wherein the reference lie angle is substantially equal to the difference between the test lie angle and the second flat lie-angle value;

m) if the second witness mark of step (i) is proximate the heel region, selecting the at least one iron-type golf club wherein the reference lie angle is substantially equal to the difference between the test lie angle and the third flat lie-angle value;

n) if the first witness mark is proximate the toe region, removing the first gauge from the sole of the test club, applying the second gauge to the sole of the test club, directing the player to swing the test club relative to the oblique hitting surface, with the oblique hitting surface in the upright lie-angle orientation, to impact the second gauge against the oblique hitting surface, whereby the second witness mark is produced on the second gauge;

o) identifying whether the second witness mark of step (n) is proximate the toe region, the heel region, or the intermediate region, the toe region associated with a first upright lie-angle value, the intermediate region associated with a second upright lie-angle value, and the heel region associated with a third upright lie-angle value;

p) if the second witness mark of step (n) is proximate the toe region, selecting the at least one iron-type golf club wherein the reference lie angle is substantially equal to the sum of the test lie angle and the first upright lie-angle value;

q) if the second witness mark of step (n) is proximate the intermediate region, selecting the at least one iron-type golf club wherein the reference lie angle is substantially equal to the sum of the test lie angle and the second upright lie-angle value; and

r) if the second witness mark of step (n) is proximate the heel region, selecting the at least one iron-type golf club wherein the reference lie angle is substantially equal to the sum of the test lie angle and the third upright lie-angle value.

4. A method of determining a reference lie angle for at least one iron-type golf club custom-fit for a player, the method comprising:

a) providing a horizontal hitting surface;

b) providing an oblique hitting surface inclined relative to the horizontal surface, the oblique hitting surface comprising a flat lie-angle orientation and an upright lie-angle orientation;

c) providing a test club comprising a sole and a test lie angle, the test club having a predetermined relationship with the at least one iron-type golf club;

d) providing a gauge comprising a toe region, a heel region, and a intermediate region;

e) applying the gauge to the sole of the test club;

f) directing the player to perform at least two test swings relative to the horizontal hitting surface to impact the gauge against the horizontal hitting surface, whereby at least two first witness marks are produced on the gauge;

g) identifying whether a majority of the at least two first witness marks is proximate the toe region, the heel region, or the intermediate region;

h) if the majority of the at least two first witness marks is proximate the intermediate region, selecting the at least one iron-type golf club wherein the reference lie angle is substantially equal to the test lie angle;

i) if the majority of the at least two first witness marks is proximate the heel region, directing the player to perform at least two test swings relative to the oblique hitting surface, with the oblique hitting surface in the flat lie-angle orientation, to impact the gauge against the oblique hitting surface, whereby at least two second witness marks are produced on the gauge;

j) identifying whether a majority of the at least two second witness marks of step (i) is proximate the toe region, the heel region, or the intermediate region, the toe region associated with a first flat lie-angle value, the intermediate region associated with a second flat lie-angle value, and the heel region associated with a third flat lie-angle value;

k) if the majority of the at least two second witness marks of step (i) is proximate the toe region, selecting the at least one iron-type golf club wherein the reference lie angle is substantially equal to the difference between the test lie angle and the first flat lie-angle value;

l) if the majority of the at least two second witness marks of step (i) is proximate the intermediate region, selecting the at least one iron-type golf club wherein the reference lie angle is substantially equal to the difference between the test lie angle and the second flat lie-angle value;

m) if the majority of the at least two second witness marks of step (i) is proximate the heel region, selecting the at least one iron-type golf club wherein the reference lie angle is substantially equal to the difference between the test lie angle and the third flat lie-angle value;

n) if the majority of the at least two first witness marks is proximate the toe region, directing the player to perform a plurality of test swings relative to the oblique hitting surface, with the oblique hitting surface in the upright lie-angle orientation, to impact the gauge against the oblique hitting surface, whereby the at least two second witness marks are produced on the gauge;

o) identifying whether the majority of the at least two second witness marks of step (n) is proximate the toe region, the heel region, or the intermediate region, the toe region associated with a first upright lie-angle value, the intermediate region associated with a second upright lie-angle value, and the heel region associated with a third upright lie-angle value;

p) if the majority of the at least two second witness marks of step (n) is proximate the toe region, selecting the at least one iron-type golf club wherein the reference lie angle is substantially equal to the sum of the test lie angle and the first upright lie-angle value;

q) if the Majority of the at least two second witness marks of step (n) is proximate the intermediate region, selecting the at least one iron-type golf club wherein the reference lie angle is substantially equal to the sum of the test lie angle and the second upright lie-angle value; and

r) if the majority of the at least two second witness marks of step (n) is proximate the heel region, selecting the at least one iron-type golf club wherein the reference lie angle is substantially equal to the sum of the test lie angle and the third upright lie-angle value.

5. A method of determining a reference lie angle for at least one iron-type golf club custom-fit for a player, the method comprising:

a) providing a horizontal hitting surface;

b) providing an oblique hitting surface inclined relative to the horizontal surface, the oblique hitting surface comprising a flat lie-angle orientation and an upright lie-angle orientation;

c) providing a test club comprising a sole and a test lie angle, the test club having a predetermined relationship with the at least one iron-type golf club;

d) providing a first gauge and a second gauge, each comprising a toe region, a heel region, and a intermediate region;

e) applying the gauge to the sole of the test club;

f) directing the player to perform at least two test swings relative to the horizontal hitting surface to impact the first gauge against the horizontal hitting surface, whereby at least two first witness marks are produced on the first gauge;

g) identifying whether a majority of the at least two first witness marks is proximate the toe region, the heel region, or the intermediate region;

h) if a majority of the at least two first witness marks are proximate the intermediate region, selecting the at least one iron-type golf club wherein the reference lie angle is substantially equal to the test lie angle;

i) if the majority of the at least two first witness marks is proximate the heel region, removing the first gauge from the sole of the test club, applying the second gauge to the sole of the test club, directing the player to perform at least two test swings relative to the oblique hitting surface, with the oblique hitting surface in the flat lie-angle orientation, to impact the gauge against the oblique hitting surface, whereby at least two second witness marks are produced on the gauge;

j) identifying whether a majority of the at least two second witness marks of step (i) is proximate the toe region, the heel region, or the intermediate region, the toe region associated with a first flat lie-angle value, the intermediate region associated with a second flat lie-angle value, and the heel region associated with a third flat lie-angle value;

k) if the majority of the at least two second witness marks of step (i) is proximate the toe region, selecting the at least one iron-type golf club wherein the reference lie angle is substantially equal to the difference between the test lie angle and the first flat lie-angle value;

l) if the majority of the at least two second witness marks of step (i) is proximate the intermediate region, selecting the at least one iron-type golf club wherein the reference lie angle is substantially equal to the difference between the test lie angle and the second flat lie-angle value;

m) if the majority of the at least two second witness marks of step (i) is proximate the heel region, selecting the at least one iron-type golf club wherein the reference lie angle is substantially equal to the difference between the test lie angle and the third flat lie-angle value;

n) if the majority of the at least two first witness marks is proximate the toe region, removing the first gauge from the sole of the test club, applying the second gauge to the sole of the test club, directing the player to perform at least two test swings relative to the oblique hitting surface, with the oblique hitting surface in the upright lie-angle orientation, to impact the gauge against the oblique hitting surface, whereby the at least two second witness marks are produced on the gauge;

o) identifying whether the majority of the at least two second witness marks of step (n) is proximate the toe region, the heel region, or the inteiuiediate region, the toe region associated with a first upright lie-angle value, the intermediate region associated with a second upright lie-angle value, and the heel region associated with a third upright lie-angle value;

p) if the majority of the at least two second witness marks of step (n) is proximate the toe region, selecting the at least one iron-type golf club wherein the reference lie angle is substantially equal to the sum of the test lie angle and the first upright lie-angle value;

q) if the majority of the at least two second witness marks of step (n) is proximate the intermediate region, selecting the at least one iron-type golf club wherein the reference lie angle is substantially equal to the sum of the test lie angle and the second upright lie-angle value; and

r) if the majority of the at least two second witness marks of step (n) is proximate the heel region, selecting the at least one iron-type golf club wherein the reference lie angle is substantially equal to the sum of the test lie angle and the third upright lie-angle value.

6. A method of determining a reference lie angle for at least one iron-type golf club custom-fit for a player, the method comprising:

providing a first hitting surface and a second hitting surface, the first hitting surface being different from the second hitting surface;

providing a test club comprising a data acquisition device;

directing the player to swing the test club relative to the first hitting surface, whereby initial information is collected by the data acquisition device;

determining whether the initial information collected by the data acquisition device satisfies a pre-set condition;

if the condition is satisfied, directing the player to swing the test club relative to the second hitting surface, whereby supplemental information is collected by the data acquisition device; and

evaluating the supplemental information collected by the data acquisition device to determine the reference lie angle.

7. A plurality of lie boards for determining a reference lie angle for at least one iron-type club custom-fit for a player, the plurality of lie boards comprising:

a first lie board that, when in a first operating position, rests on a ground plane and comprises a first hitting surface that is horizontal relative to the ground plane; and

a second lie board that, when in a second operating position, rests on the ground plane and comprises a second hitting surface that is oblique relative to the ground plane.