Self charging ion sensing coil
A self charging ion current sensing circuit is provided. The self charging ion current sensing circuit is coupled to spark generation circuitry, and utilizes the spark plug electrodes as the ion current sensing electrodes. The self charging is achieved by utilizing the spark current during an ignition event to charge an ion bias capacitor. After the ignition event, the charge voltage build up on the ion bias capacitor is used to provide an ion current across the spark plug gap. The ion current is passed through an offset stage that translates the ion current sense voltage to a voltage that can be buffered and amplified from a single power source available in automotive and vehicular applications. The output of the circuit provides tri-state information, including spark current, null current, and linear representation of ion sense current.
1. A self charging ion current sensing circuit for use with a spark control circuit for generating sparking current across a spark gap of a spark plug, comprising:
an ion bias capacitor coupled in series with the spark control circuit, the ion bias capacitor including a Zener diode clamp coupled thereto and parallel therewith to limit a voltage build up on the ion bias capacitor during a sparking event;
an ion Zener diode having a cathode coupled to the anode of the Zener diode clamp and an anode coupled to ground;
an offset circuit having an input coupled between the Zener diode clamp and the ion Zener diode, the offset circuitry generating a positive voltage in response to an ion current flow; and
a buffer and amplifier circuit coupled to the offset circuitry to provide a zero to five volt DC output depending on a type of current flow in the spark control circuit, whereby the output from the buffer and amplifier circuit is approximately one volt when there is no current flowing in the spark control circuit, whereby the output is approximately zero volts when there is cathode spark current flowing in the spark control circuitry, and wherein the output of the buffer and amplifier circuit ranges between approximately one and five volts in proportion to a magnitude of ion current flowing through the spark gap, wherein the output from the buffer and amplifier circuit provides an indication of particular modes of spark plug operation.
2. The circuit of claim 1 , further comprising a positive five volt supply circuit coupled to each of the offset circuit and the buffer and amplifier circuit to supply power thereto.
3. The circuit of claim 2 , wherein the positive five volt supply circuit comprises a voltage regulation circuit coupled to a supply voltage for the spark control circuit.
4. The circuit of claim 3 , wherein the voltage regulation circuit comprises a series connected resistor and Zener diode.
5. The circuit of claim 1 , wherein the ion current flow results from a discharge of the ion bias capacitor after being charged during the sparking event by the sparking current flowing in a direction opposite the ion current.
6. The circuit of claim 1 , wherein the ion Zener diode provides a high current shunt path from the offset circuit for the sparking current flowing during the sparking event.
7. The circuit of claim 1 , wherein the buffer and amplifier circuit comprises an operational amplifier.
8. A self charging ion current sensing circuit for use with a spark control circuit that generates a sparking current across a spark gap of a spark plug, comprising:
an ion bias capacitor coupled in series with the spark control circuit;
an offset circuit having an input coupled to the ion bias capacitor, the offset circuitry generating a positive voltage in response to an ion current flow; and
a buffer and amplifier circuit coupled to the offset circuitry to provide an output that varies depending on a type of current flow in the spark control circuit, whereby the output from the buffer and amplifier circuit has a first predetermined value when there is no current flowing in the spark control circuit, whereby the output has a second predetermined value when there is sparking current flowing in the spark control circuitry, and wherein the output of the buffer and amplifier circuit ranges between the first predetermined value and a third predetermined value in proportion to a magnitude of ion current flowing through the spark gap, wherein the first, second, and third predetermined values of the output from the buffer and amplifier circuit each provide indication of a different mode of spark plug operation.
9. The circuit of claim 8 , further comprising a Zener diode clamp coupled to the ion bias capacitor and parallel therewith to limit a voltage build up on the ion bias capacitor during a sparking event.
10. The circuit of clamp 9 , further comprising an ion Zener diode having a cathode coupled to an anode of the Zener diode clamp and an anode coupled to ground.
11. The circuit of claim 8 , wherein the first predetermined value is approximately one volt.
12. The circuit of claim 8 , wherein the second predetermined value is approximately zero volts.
13. The circuit of claim 8 , wherein the third predetermined value is approximately five volts.
14. The circuit of claim 8 , further comprising a positive five volt supply circuit coupled to each of the offset circuit and the buffer and amplifier circuit to supply power thereto.
15. The circuit of claim 14 , wherein the positive five volt supply circuit comprises a voltage regulation circuit coupled to a supply voltage for the spark control circuit.
16. The circuit of claim 15 , wherein the voltage regulation circuit comprises a series connected resistor and Zener diode, the Zener diode clamping voltage being approximately equal to the third predetermined value.
17. The circuit of claim 8 , wherein the first predetermined value is greater than the second predetermined value, and less than the third predetermined value.
18. A method of sensing ion current within a combustion chamber, comprising the steps of:
providing a spark control circuit that generates a sparking current across a spark gap of a spark plug during a sparking event to initiate combustion;
charging an ion bias capacitor coupled in series with the spark control circuit during the sparking event;
coupling an input of an offset circuit to the ion bias capacitor, the offset circuitry generating a positive voltage in response to an ion current flow during combustion;
coupling a buffer and amplifier circuit to the offset circuitry to provide an output that varies depending on a type of current flow in the spark control circuit;
determining that there is no current flowing in the spark control circuit when the output from the buffer and amplifier circuit has a first predetermined value;
determining that there is sparking current flowing in the spark control circuitry when the output has a second predetermined; and
determining that there is ion current flowing when the output of the buffer and amplifier circuit ranges between the first predetermined value and a third predetermined value in proportion to a magnitude of ion current flowing through the spark gap.
19. The method of claim 18 , further comprising the step of powering the offset circuit and the buffer and amplifier circuit to a positive five volt supply.
20. The method of claim 18 , further comprising the step of limiting a voltage build up on the ion bias capacitor during a sparking event by coupling a Zener diode clamp to and parallel with the ion bias capacitor.
21. The method of claim 20 , further comprising the step of providing a high current shunt path from the offset circuit for the sparking current flowing during the sparking event by coupling a cathode of an ion Zener diode to an anode of the Zener diode clamp and by coupling an anode of the ion Zener diode to ground.
22. The method of claim 21 , wherein the first predetermined value is greater than the second predetermined value, and less than the third predetermined value.