High temperature superconducting materials and methods for modifying and creating same
In some implementations of the invention, existing high temperature superconducting materials (“HTS materials”) may be modified and/or new HTS materials may be created by enhancing (in the case of existing HTS materials) and/or creating (in the case of new HTS materials) an aperture within the HTS material such that the aperture is maintained at increased temperatures so as not to impede propagation of electrical charge there through. In some implementations of the invention, as long as the propagation of electrical charge through the aperture remains unimpeded, the material should remain in a superconducting state; otherwise, as the propagation of electrical charge through the aperture becomes impeded, the HTS material begins to transition into a non-superconducting state.
1. A composition of matter comprising:
an HTS material having a crystalline structure with an aperture formed therein, wherein the aperture facilitates propagation of electrical charge through the crystalline structure in a superconducting state; and
a modifying material bonded to a face of the HTS material to thereby maintain the aperture of the HTS material so that the composition has an improved operating characteristic over that of the HTS material without the modifying material,
wherein the modifying material consists of: chromium, bismuth, cobalt, vanadium, titanium, rhodium, or beryllium, and
wherein the face is substantially parallel to an ab-plane of the HTS material.
2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein atoms of the modifying material are bonded to atoms in the crystalline structure of the HTS material.
3. The composition of claim 2 , wherein atoms of the modifying material are bonded to aperture atoms of the crystalline structure of the HTS material.
4. The composition of claim 2 , wherein atoms of the modifying material are bonded to non-aperture atoms of the crystalline structure of the HTS material.
5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the modifying material is an oxygen bonding conductive material.
6. The composition of claim 5 , wherein the HTS material is a mixed-valence copper-oxide perovskite material.
7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the HTS material without the modifying material has a first transition temperature and wherein the composition has a transition temperature greater than the first transition temperature.
8. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the improved operating characteristic is an increased transition temperature of the composition relative to that of the HTS material without the modifying material.
9. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the improved operating characteristic is a lower resistance of the composition at a given temperature relative to that of the HTS material without the modifying material.
10. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the improved operating characteristic is an improved magnetic property of the composition relative to that of the HTS material without the modifying material.
11. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the improved operating characteristic is an improved mechanical property of the composition relative to that of the HTS material without the modifying material.
12. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the HTS material is a mixed-valence copper-oxide perovskite material.
13. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the aperture has a cross-section ranging in size from 0.200 nm to 1.000 nm.
14. A method comprising:
layering a modifying material with an HTS material to form a modified HTS material, the HTS material having a face with which the modifying material is layered, the face substantially parallel to an ab-plane of the HTS material, the HTS material having a crystalline structure with at least one aperture formed therein, wherein the at least one aperture facilitates propagation of electrical charge through the crystalline structure in a superconducting state, wherein the modifying material consists of: chromium, bismuth, cobalt, vanadium, titanium, rhodium, or beryllium, and wherein the modified HTS material has an aperture that is maintained at temperatures greater than the at least one aperture of the HTS material alone.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the modifying material is layered onto the HTS material.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the modifying material is deposited onto the HTS material.
17. The method of claim 15 , wherein the HTS material is bonded to the modifying material.
18. The method of claim 15 , wherein atoms on the face of the HTS material are bonded to atoms of the modifying material.
19. The method of claim 15 , wherein the face is parallel to an a-plane of the HTS material.
20. The method of claim 15 , wherein the face is parallel to a b-plane of the HTS material.
21. The method of claim 15 , wherein the face is parallel to a b-plane of the HTS material.
22. The method of claim 14 , wherein the HTS material is layered onto the modifying material.
23. The method of claim 22 , wherein the HTS material is deposited onto the modifying material.
24. The method of claim 22 , wherein the HTS material is bonded to the modifying material.
25. The method of claim 22 , wherein atoms on the face of the HTS material are bonded to atoms of the modifying material.
26. The method of claim 22 , wherein the face is parallel to an a-plane of the HTS material.
27. The method of claim 14 , wherein the at least one aperture and the aperture each have a cross-section ranging in size from 0.200 nm to 1.000 nm.
28. The method of claim 14 , wherein the HTS material is a mixed-valence copper-oxide perovskite material.