Apparatus for spectrum sensing and associated methods

1. An apparatus comprising a nano-scale spectrum sensor configured to be electromagnetically excitable at a predetermined frequency based on received ambient electromagnetic radiation, the apparatus being configured to be able to use excitation of said nano-scale spectrum sensor to determine ambient electromagnetic radiation spectrum usage.

2. The apparatus as recited in claim 1 wherein said nano-scale spectrum sensor comprises one or more magnetic tunnel junctions and/or one or more spin torque oscillators.

3. The apparatus as recited in claim 1 further comprising a graphene frequency multiplier configured to multiply a frequency of one or more portions of received ambient electromagnetic radiation, prior to detection by said nano-scale spectrum sensor, so as to shift a frequency range of said one or more portions of received ambient electromagnetic radiation into a particular predetermined frequency of said nano-scale spectrum sensor.

4. The apparatus as recited in claim 1 wherein said nano-scale spectrum sensor is configured to be able to generate excitation signaling in response to being excited by received electromagnetic radiation at and/or near a particular predetermined frequency, and said apparatus is configured to determine, based on said generated excitation signaling, ambient electromagnetic radiation spectrum usage.

5. The apparatus as recited in claim 4 wherein said apparatus is configured to use an auto-correlation function on excitation signaling to determine spectrum usage.

6. The apparatus as recited in claim 1 wherein said nano-scale spectrum sensor comprises a sensor pair formed from:

a first sensor, and

a second sensor coupled to said first sensor,

wherein said first sensor is tuned to a first predetermined excitation frequency, said second sensor is tuned to a second predetermined excitation frequency, and one of said first and second sensors of said sensor pair is configured to act as a reference sensor,

the sensor pair being configured to generate excitation signaling in response to being excited by ambient electromagnetic radiation, said excitation signaling being generated based on a frequency of received radiation and a predetermined excitation frequency of said reference sensor,

the apparatus being configured to determine a frequency of received radiation based on a generated excitation signaling to thereby determine ambient electromagnetic radiation spectrum usage.

7. The apparatus as recited in claim 1 wherein said nano-scale spectrum sensor comprises a sensor pair formed from:

a first sensor, and

a second sensor coupled to said first sensor so as to define a heterodyne/homodyne sensor pair, wherein said first sensor is configured to act as a mixer, and said second sensor is configured to act as a local oscillator to provide a reference frequency for said sensor pair,

said sensor pair being configured to be able to generate excitation signaling in response to being excited by ambient electromagnetic radiation, said excitation signaling being generated based on a frequency of received radiation and a reference frequency of said second sensor,

the apparatus being configured to determine a frequency of received radiation based on a generated excitation signaling to thereby determine ambient electromagnetic radiation spectrum usage.

8. The apparatus as recited in claim 6 wherein said sensor pair is configured to generate excitation signaling that is a product of frequency of received radiation and said tuned frequency of said reference sensor, the apparatus being configured to determine said ambient electromagnetic radiation spectrum usage from said generated excitation signaling based on said predetermined excitation frequency of said reference sensor.

9. The apparatus as recited in claim 1 further comprising a filter configured to filter said generated excitation signaling of said sensor pair to allow for determination of frequencies substantially at said predetermined excitation frequency of said reference sensor.

10. The apparatus as recited in claim 1 further comprising a processor configured to detect electromagnetic excitation of said nano-scale spectrum sensor, and determine ambient electromagnetic radiation spectrum usage using a detected excitation of said nano-scale spectrum sensor.

11. The apparatus as recited in claim 1 further comprising a wide-band antenna configured to receive one or more portions of ambient electromagnetic radiation in said electromagnetic spectrum for provision to at least one nano-scale spectrum sensor.

12. The apparatus as recited in claim 1 further comprising an array of nano-scale spectrum sensors configured to be electromagnetically excitable at different predetermined frequencies based on received ambient electromagnetic radiation, wherein said apparatus is configured to use an excitation of said sensor array to determine ambient electromagnetic radiation spectrum usage.

13. The apparatus o as recited in claim 1 wherein the apparatus is selected from the group consisting of:

a white-space device,

a portable electronic device, and

a module for a white-space/portable electronic device.

14. An apparatus comprising:

at least one processor; and

at least one memory including computer program code,

said at least one memory and said computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause said apparatus to perform:

detection of electromagnetic excitation of a nano-scale spectrum sensor configured to be electromagnetically excitable at a predetermined frequency based on received ambient electromagnetic radiation, and

determination of ambient electromagnetic radiation spectrum usage using a detected excitation of said nano-scale spectrum sensor.

15. A portable electronic device comprising the apparatus of claim 14 .

16. A method, comprising:

detecting electromagnetic excitation of a nano-scale spectrum sensor configured to be electromagnetically excitable at a predetermined frequency based on received ambient electromagnetic radiation; and

determining ambient electromagnetic radiation spectrum usage using a detected excitation of said nano-scale spectrum sensor.