Reproductive cell maintenance system
Extracts obtained from the genus Hippophae or other plant sources or compositions produced by chemical or molecular biological techniques each having in common certain moieties in amounts effective when combined with reproductive cells to reduce the loss of function.
1. A method of reducing loss of function of sperm cells in vitro, comprising:
a) obtaining an extract from a plant source, said extract containing:
i) at least one antioxidant which provides at least 90 μmol trolox equivalent per gram of said extract;
ii) at least one fatty acid of at least 3 percent by volume of said extract;
iii) at least one polar lipid of at least 8 percent by weight of said extract; and
iv) at least one polyphenolic compound which provides at least 210 mg gallic acid equivalents per 100 grams of said extract;
b) obtaining said sperm cells; and
c) directly contacting in vitro said sperm cells with an amount of said extract effective to reduce loss of function.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein obtaining an extract comprises the step of obtaining an extract from a plant source selected from the group consisting of: a seed oil extract, a pulp oil extract, a fruit tincture extract, a juice extract, a leaf paraffin extract, a leaf tincture extract, a leaf hydroglycerin extract, and mixtures thereof.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein obtaining an extract from a plant source comprises obtaining said extract from a plant source selected from at least one member of the group consisting of: Hippophae (sea buckthorn), Vitis (grape), Prunus Padus (chokecherry or chokeberry), Punica (pomegranate), Vaccinium (blueberries), Prunus (plum), Prunus (cherry), Rubus (raspberry or blackberry), Euterpe (acai), Glycine (soybeans), Lycium (gogi), Carya (pecan), Rosacea (strawberry), Litchi (lychee), Amelanchier (saskatoon), and Olea (Olive).
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said amount of fatty acids of at least 3 percent are selected from the group consisting of: palmitic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid, oleic acid, and mixtures thereof.
5. The method of claim 2 , wherein obtaining an extract from a plant source comprises obtaining an extract from said plant source which provides an amount of tocopherols of at least 61 mg/100 g.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein said amount of tocopherols contains at least α, β, δ, γ tocopherol.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein obtaining an extract from a plant source comprises the step of obtaining an extract of Hippophae selected from the group consisting of: a seed oil extract, a pulp oil extract, a fruit tincture extract, a juice extract, a leaf paraffin extract, and a leaf hydroglycerin extract, and mixtures thereof.
8. The method of claim 3 , further comprising mixing said plant extract in an amount of diluent.
9. The method of claim 8 , further comprising adding an amount of egg yolk to said amount of diluent.
10. The method of claim 8 , further comprising adding an amount of emulsifier to said diluent.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein said amount of said emulsifier comprises an amount of orvus paste.
12. The method of claim 10 , wherein said emulsifier is selected from the group consisting of at least one of an amount of milk, an amount of milk fat, an amount of milk solids, and mixtures thereof.
13. The method of claim 8 , further comprising adding an amount of cryoprotectant to said diluent.
14. The method of claim 13 , further comprising cooling said sperm cells contacted by said amount of said plant extract effective to reduce loss of function of said sperm cells at a temperature of between about 3° C. and about 30° C.
15. The method of claim 14 , further comprising freezing said sperm cells contacted by said amount of plant extract effective to reduce loss of function.
16. The method of claim 15 , further comprising thawing said sperm cells contacted by said amount of plant extract effective to reduce loss of function.
17. The method of claim 3 , wherein contacting said sperm cells with an amount of said plant extract effective to reduce loss of function comprises contacting said sperm cells with an amount of said plant extract effective to reduce loss of motility.
18. The method of claim 3 , wherein contacting said sperm cells with an amount of said plant extract effective to reduce loss of function comprises contacting said sperm cells with an amount of said plant extract effective to reduce loss of function due to reduction in membrane integrity.
19. The method of claim 3 , wherein contacting said sperm cells with an amount of said extract effective to reduce loss of function comprises contacting said sperm cells with an amount of said plant extract effective to reduce loss of function due to acrosome damage.
20. The method of claim 3 , wherein contacting said sperm cells with an amount of said extract effective to reduce loss of function comprises contacting said sperm cells with an amount of said plant extract effective to reduce loss of function due to DNA damage.
21. The method of claim 3 , wherein contacting said sperm cells with an amount of said extract effective to reduce loss of function comprises contacting said sperm cells with an amount of said extract effective to reduce loss of function due to oxidation.
22. The method of claim 3 , wherein contacting said sperm cells with an amount of said extract effective to reduce loss of function comprises contacting said sperm cells with an amount of said extract effective to reduce mortality among a plurality of said sperm cells.
23. The method of claim 1 , wherein obtaining sperm cells comprises obtaining avian sperm cells.
24. The method of claim 23 , wherein obtaining avian sperm cells comprises obtaining avian sperm cells from the group of birds consisting of chickens, ducks, geese, turkeys, pheasants, and quail.
25. The method of claim 1 , wherein obtaining sperm cells comprises obtaining mammalian sperm cells.
26. The method of claim 25 , wherein obtaining mammalian sperm cells comprises obtaining mammalian sperm cells from group consisting of bovine sperm cells, equine sperm cells, porcine sperm cell, and ovine sperm cells.
27. The method of any one of claim 23 or 25 , further comprising sex selecting sperm cells.
28. The method of claim 27 , wherein sex selecting sperm cells comprises flow sorting said sperm cells based on the occurrence of an X-chromosome or a Y-chromosome.