An IC card having a secondary battery, which causes no increase in thickness and also has excellent safety, is provided. The IC card includes an antenna coil for inducing electric power by electromagnetic induction, a thin-film battery for storing electric power induced by the antenna coil, and a control portion for controlling the storage of the electric power from the antenna coil in the thin-film battery. The thin-film battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a solid electrolyte layer between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
1. An IC card comprising:
an antenna coil for inducing electric power by electromagnetic induction;
a thin-film battery for storing electric power induced by the antenna coil, wherein:
the thin-film battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte between the positive electrode and the negative electrode,
the positive electrode and the negative electrode each include a collector made of as a main component a transparent electric conductor, and
the transparent electric conductor is an oxide of indium and tin;
a flexible display portion for displaying information and powered by the electric power from the antenna coil in the thin-film battery;
a control portion for controlling the display of information and the storage of the electric power from the antenna coil in the thin-film battery; and
a flexible remaining-level indicator portion for visually checking a change in a color of the transparent electric conductor.
2. An IC card according to claim 1 , wherein
the electrolyte including a single crystal of a lithium ion conductor having an average composition represented by Formula (1):
Li 1+x M1 x Ti 2−x (PO 4 ) 3 (1)
wherein M1 represents at least one kind selected from the group consisting of aluminum (Al), scandium (Sc), indium (In), iron (Fe), chromium (Cr), gallium (Ga), yttrium (Y), and lanthanum (La), and x is within a range of 0≦x≦2.0.
3. An IC card according to claim 2 , wherein the single crystal is oriented so that a c-axis thereof is perpendicular to surfaces of the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
4. An IC card according to claim 1 , wherein
the electrolyte including a lithium ion conductor having an average composition represented by Formula (2):
Li 1+2x M2 x Ti 2-x (PO 4 ) 3 (2)
wherein M2 represents at least one kind selected from the group consisting of zinc (Zn), silicon (S), manganese (Mn), germanium (Ge), neodium (Nd), strontium (Sr), and vanadium (V) and has a valence of 2, and x is within a range of 0≦x≦2.0.
5. An IC card according to claim 1 , further comprising:
a storage portion for storing the information displayed on the display portion.
6. An IC card according to claim 1 , wherein the thin-film battery is an all-solid secondary battery.
7. An IC card according to claim 1 , further comprising a solar cell, and wherein the control portion controls the charging of the thin-film battery from the solar cell.
8. An IC card according to claim 1 , comprising a plurality of thin-film batteries for storing electric power induced by the antenna coil,
the plurality of thin-film batteries being stacked and connected in series and/or in parallel.
9. An IC card according to claim 1 , further comprising
a connection terminal for connecting the thin-film battery to an external power supply, so that the control portion controls the charging of the thin-film battery from the external power supply.
10. An IC card comprising:
a solar cell;
a thin-film battery for storing electric power generated by the solar cell, wherein:
the thin-film battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte between the positive electrode and the negative electrode,
the positive electrode and the negative electrode each include a collector made of as a main component a transparent electric conductor, and
the transparent electric conductor is an oxide of indium and tin;
a flexible display portion for displaying information and powered by the electric power from the solar cell in the thin-film battery;
a control portion for controlling display of the information and the storage of the electric power from the solar cell in the thin-film battery; and
a flexible remaining-level indicator portion for visually checking a change in a color of the transparent electric conductor.
11. An IC card according to claim 1 , further comprising:
a button configured to drive the display portion by the electric power from the antenna coil in the thin-film battery.
12. An IC card according to claim 1 , wherein the control portion is configured to operate a controlling program for charging and discharging of the thin-film battery.