Metal complexes

1. A compound of the formula (1)

containing a metal M coordinated to a ligand L of the formula (2) and M is a transition metal, aluminium or gallium,

wherein the following applies to the symbols and indices used:

V is B, BR − , CR, CO − , CN(R 1 ) 2 , SiR, N, NO, NR + , P or PO;

a is 0 or 1, where, in the case where a=0, the bridging unit V is not present;

L1 is a ligand moiety of the formula (3)

L2 and L3 are, identically or differently on each occurrence, each a ligand moiety of the formula (3), formula (4) or formula (5)

Cy1 and Cy2 are, identically or differently on each occurrence, an aryl or heteroaryl group having 5 to 30 aromatic ring atoms, which is optionally substituted by one or more radicals R, or a cyclic saturated or preferably unsaturated carbene; one of the two groups Cy1 or Cy2 here is bonded to the metal via a formally negatively charged carbon or via a formally negatively charged exocyclic donor atom, and the other of the two groups Cy1 and Cy2 is bonded via a neutral donor atom which is part of the group Cy1 or Cy2 and which is selected from nitrogen, and carbon in the form of a carbene;

Z is, identically or differently on each occurrence, O, S, S(═O), S(═O) 2 , NR, PR, P(═O)R, C(═O), SiR 2 or BR;

R is on each occurrence, identically or differently, H, D, F, Cl, Br, I, N(R 1 ) 2 , CN, Si(R 1 ) 3 , B(OR 1 ) 2 , C(═O)R 1 , P(═O)(R 1 ) 2 , a straight-chain alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or alkoxy group having 1 to 40 C atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or alkoxy group having 3 to 40 C atoms, each of which is optionally substituted by one or more radicals R 1 , where one or more non-adjacent CH 2 groups is optionally replaced by R 1 C═CR 1 , C≡C, Si(R 1 ) 2 , NR 1 or O, and where one or more H atoms is optionally replaced by F, or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which optionally in each case be substituted by one or more radicals R 1 , or an aryloxy or heteroaryloxy group having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which is optionally substituted by one or more radicals R 1 , or a diarylamino group, diheteroarylamino group or arylheteroarylamino group having 10 to 40 aromatic ring atoms, which may be substituted by one or more radicals R 1 , or a combination of these systems; two or more substituents R here optionally forms a mono- or polycyclic aliphatic, aromatic and/or benzo-fused ring system with one another;

D1 and D2 are identical or different on each occurrence and which contain at least nitrogen, phosphorus, oxygen or sulfur.

2. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein the ligand L has a structure of the formula (6), (7), (8), (9) or (10), where the symbols and indices used have the meanings mentioned in claim 1 :

3. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein M is tungsten, rhenium, ruthenium, osmium, rhodium, iridium, platinum, gold, scandium, yttrium, lanthanum, aluminium, gallium or indium.

4. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein Z on each occurrence, identically or differently, and is O, S, NR or C(═O).

5. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein the ligand moieties of the formula (5) are selected from substituted or unsubstituted β-ketoketonates, β-ketoesters, β-diesters, carboxylates derived from aminocarboxylic acids, iminoacetoacetonates, hydroxamates, pyridylphosphines, α-phosphinocarboxylates, glycol ethers, ether alcoholates, dialcoholates derived from dialcohols, dithiolates derived from dithiols, diamines, imines, diimines, diphosphines and salicyliminates derived from salicylimines.

6. A process for the preparation of the compound according to claim 1 which comprises reacting the ligands of the formula (2) or precursors of these ligands with metal alkoxides of the formula (47), with metal ketoketonates of the formula (48) or with metal halides of the formula (49)

where M and R 1 have the same meaning as described above, and the following applies to the other symbols and indices:

Hal is on each occurrence, identically or differently, F, Cl, Br or I;

Lig is on each occurrence, identically or differently, a neutral or monoanionic, monodentate or bidentate ligand, for example a halide or hydroxide;

p is on each occurrence, identically or differently, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, where p in formulae (47) and (49) indicates the valency of the metal M;

q is on each occurrence, identically or differently, 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4;

the compound of the formula (48) here is optionally charged and optionally contains a counterion.

7. The process as claimed in claim 6 , wherein q is 0, 1 or 2.

8. An oligomer, polymer or dendrimer comprising one or more compounds according to claim 1 , in which one or more bonds are present from the complex of the formula (1) to the polymer, oligomer or dendrimer.

9. An electronic component comprising the compounds according to claim 1 .

10. The electronic component as claimed in claim 9 , wherein the electronic component is an organic integrated circuit (O-IC), an organic field-effect transistors (O-FET), an organic thin-film transistor (O-TFT), an organic light-emitting transistor (O-LET), an organic solar cell (O-SC), an organic optical detector, an organic photoreceptor, an organic field-quench device (O-FQD), a light-emitting electrochemical cell (LEC) or an organic laser diode (O-laser), an organic electroluminescent device (OLED, PLED).

11. An organic electroluminescent device which comprises an emitting layer which comprises the compound according to claim 1 .

12. An organic electroluminescent device which comprises an emitting layer which comprises the compound according to claim 1 in combination with a matrix material, employed as matrix material for an emitting compound in an emitting layer, employed as hole-blocking material in a hole-blocking layer or as electron-transport material in an electron-transport layer.

13. An organic electroluminescent device which comprises an emitting layer which comprises the compound according to claim 1 is employed as matrix material for a phosphorescent compound.

14. A compound of the following applies to the ligand moiety L1 thereof together with the metal and the bridging unit V of the formula (11):

M is a transition metal, aluminium or gallium;

Cy1 and Cy2 are, identically or differently on each occurrence, an aryl or heteroaryl group having 5 to 30 aromatic ring atoms, which is optionally substituted by one or more radicals R, or a cyclic saturated or preferably unsaturated carbene; one of the two groups Cy1 or Cy2 here is bonded to the metal via a formally negatively charged carbon or via a formally negatively charged exocyclic donor atom, and the other of the two groups Cy1 and Cy2 is bonded via a neutral donor atom which is part of the group Cy or Cy2 and which is selected from nitrogen, and carbon in the form of a carbene;

V is B, BR − , CR, CO − , CN(R 1 ) 2 , SiR, N, NO, NR + , P or PO;

where U stands for N, P, P(═O), CR or SiR, and the dashed bonds each represent the bonds to the ligand moieties;

Z is, identically or differently on each occurrence, O, S, S(═O), S(═O) 2 , NR, PR, P(═O)R, C(═O), SiR 2 or BR;

R is on each occurrence, identically or differently, H, D, F, Cl, Br, I, N(R 1 ) 2 , CN, Si(R 1 ) 3 , B(OR 1 ) 2 , C(═O)R 1 , P(═O)(R 1 ) 2 , a straight-chain alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or alkoxy group having 1 to 40 C atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or alkoxy group having 3 to 40 C atoms, each of which is optionally substituted by one or more radicals R 1 , where one or more non-adjacent CH 2 groups is optionally replaced by R 1 C═CR 1 , C≡C, Si(R 1 ) 2 , NR 1 or O, and where one or more H atoms is optionally replaced by F, or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which optionally in each case be substituted by one or more radicals R 1 , or an aryloxy or heteroaryloxy group having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which is optionally substituted by one or more radicals R 1 , or a diarylamino group, diheteroarylamino group or arylheteroarylamino group having 10 to 40 aromatic ring atoms, which may be substituted by one or more radicals R 1 , or a combination of these systems; two or more substituents R here optionally forms a mono- or polycyclic aliphatic, aromatic and/or benzo-fused ring system with one another;

R 1 is on each occurrence, identically or differently, H, F or an aliphatic, aromatic and/or heteroaromatic hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 20 C atoms, in which, in addition, one or more H atoms is optionally replaced by F; two or more substituents R 1 here optionally forms a mono- or polycyclic aliphatic or aromatic ring system with one another; and

a is 0 or 1, where, in the case where a=0, the bridging unit V is not present.

15. The compound according to claim 14 , wherein the ligand moiety L1, together with the metal and the bridging unit V, has a structure of the formulae (15) to (30):

wherein M, Z, and R are the same as defined in formula (11)

V is B, BR − , CR, CO − , CN(R 1 ) 2 , SiR, N, NO, NR + , P or PO;

where U stands for N, P, P(═O), CR or SiR, and the dashed bonds each represent the bonds to the ligand moieties;

R 1 is on each occurrence, identically or differently, H, F or an aliphatic, aromatic and/or heteroaromatic hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 20 C atoms, in which, in addition, one or more H atoms is optionally replaced by F; two or more substituents R 1 here optionally forms a mono- or polycyclic aliphatic or aromatic ring system with one another;

E is, identically or differently on each occurrence, C or N;

Q is, identically or differently on each occurrence, O, S, or N;

T is, identically or differently on each occurrence, N or C;

A is, identically or differently on each occurrence, NR 1 , S or O;

X is, identically or differently on each occurrence, CR or N where in this case a double bond is present between the two groups X in the carbene ring in the formulae (27), (28), (29) and (30); or X in the carbene ring in the formulae (27), (28), (29) and (30) stands, identically or differently on each occurrence, for CR 2 ;

Y is, identically or differently on each occurrence, NR 1 , COO − , O or S;

c is, identically or differently on each occurrence, 0 or 1.