NANOPARTICLE CARRIER SYSTEMS BASED ON POLY(DL-LACTIC-CO-GLYCOLIC ACID) (PLGA) FOR PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY (PDT)
Compositions, which are stable in storage, and a method of production of pharmaceutical based nanoparticulate formulations for clinical use in photodynamic therapy comprising a hydrophobic photosensitizer, poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid and stabilizing agents are provided. These nanoparticulate pharmaceutical formulations provide therapeutically effective amounts of photosensitizer for parenteral administration. In particular, tetrapyrrole derivatives can be used as photosensitizers, whose efficacy and safety are enhanced by such nanoparticulate formulations. It also teaches the method of preparing PLGA-based nanoparticles under sterile conditions. In one of the preferred embodiments of the present invention PLGA-based nanoparticles have a mean particle size less than 500 nm and the photosensitizer is temoporfin, 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(3-hydroxyphenyl)-chlorin (mTHPC). In another embodiment, the photosensitizer 2,3-dihydroxy-5,10,15,20-tetrakis(3-hydroxyphenyl)-chlorin (mTHPD-OH) is formulated as a nanoparticle for parenteral administration. Yet, in another embodiment preferred photosensitizer is 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(3-hydroxyphenyl)-porphyrin (mTHPP). The formulations can be used for treating hyperplasic and neoplasic conditions, inflammatory problems, and more specifically to target tumor cells.
1 . A nanoparticle pharmaceutical formulation for clinical use in photodynamic therapy comprising:
poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid particles in a range of less than 500 nm;
a therapeutically effective amount of a tetrapyrrole-based hydrophobic photosensitizer;
a stabilizing agent;
wherein said photosensitizer is a chlorin or bacteriochlorin derivative according to formula A
wherein:
R 1 is: H or OH
R 2 to R 5 are substituents either in the meta- or para-position of the phenyl ring with R 2 to R 5 independently of one another chosen from a group of substituents consisting of: —OH, —COOH, —NH 2 , —COOX, —NHX, OX, —NH—Y—COOH, or —CO—Y—NH 2 .
wherein:
X is a polyethyleneglycol-residue with (CH 2 CH 2 O) n CH 3 with n=1-30 or a carbohydrate moiety
Y is peptides or oligopeptides wherein n=1-30.
Ring D is having the structure:
wherein said stabilizing agent is selected from the group of typical stabilizers including polyvinyl alcohol), polysorbate, poloxamer, and human serum albumin.
2 . The nanoparticle pharmaceutical formulation according to claim 1 wherein the therapeutically effective concentration of the photosensitizer is highly variable from 10 to 320 μg per mg nanoparticle.
3 . The nanoparticle pharmaceutical formulation according to claim 1 wherein said photosensitizer is temoporfin.
4 . The nanoparticle pharmaceutical formulation according to claim 1 wherein said photosensitizer is 2,3-dihydroxy-5,10,15,20-tetrakis(3-hydroxyphenyl)-chlorin (mTHPD-OH).
5 . The nanoparticle pharmaceutical formulation according to claim 1 wherein said photosensitizer is 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(3-hydroxyphenyl)-porphyrin (mTHPP).
6 . The nanoparticle pharmaceutical formulation according to claim 1 wherein said drug loaded nanoparticles can be freeze dried in the presence of cryoprotective agents selected from the group of glucose, trehalose, sucrose, sorbitol, mannitol and combinations of them.
7 . The nanoparticle pharmaceutical formulation according to claim 1 wherein said formulation is preferably administered by parenteral means including intravenous injection.
8 . The nanoparticle pharmaceutical formulation according to claim 1 wherein said formulation enables the attachment of drug targeting ligands to the nanoparticle surface for an advanced transport of photosensitizer to target cells and tissues.
9 . A use of a nanoparticle pharmaceutical formulation according to claim 1 in photodynamic therapy.
10 . The use of a nanoparticle pharmaceutical formulation according to claim 9 in the photodynamic therapy of tumors and other neoplastic diseases, and related conditions.
11 . The use of a nanoparticle pharmaceutical formulation according to claim 9 in the photodynamic therapy of dermatological disorders, ophthalmological disorders or urological disorders, and related conditions.
12 . The use of a nanoparticle pharmaceutical formulation according to claim 9 in the photodynamic therapy of arthritis and similar inflammatory diseases, and related conditions.
13 . A method of preparation of nanoparticle pharmaceutical formulation according to claim 1 , comprising the steps of:
a. dissolving PLGA in an organic solvent;
b. filtering said PLGA solution and stabilizing aqueous solution through a filtration unit;
c. adding the photosensitizes through adsorptive binding on particle surface, incorporative binding and combination of both;
d. adding stabilizing aqueous solution to form an oil-in-water nanoemulsion; and
e. purifying the resulting nanoparticles.
14 . The method of preparation according to claim 13 , wherein an organic solvent is ethyl acetate.
15 . The method of preparation according to claim 14 , wherein the stabilizing aqueous solution includes PVA.