Fuel formulations
View Patent ↗A compression ignition (CI) (typically diesel) fuel formulation is provided containing (i) a C4 to C8 dialkyl ether (DAE), (ii) a naphtha fuel component and (iii) a low boiling component selected from low boiling hydrocarbons, ethers and mixtures thereof. The formulation may be produced along with a gasoline fuel formulation, by (1) preparing a gasoline fuel formulation in a manner which yields a naphtha fuel component as a byproduct, and (2) blending at least some of the naphtha byproduct with a C4 to C8 DAE and a low boiling component (iii) so as to produce the CI fuel formulation.
1. A compression ignition (CI) fuel formulation comprising (i) a C4 to C8 dialkyl ether (DAE), (ii) a naphtha fuel component and (iii) a low boiling component having a boiling point of from −20 to +20° C. selected from low boiling hydrocarbons, ethers and mixtures thereof.
2. The fuel formulation of claim 1 wherein the dialkyl ether is diethyl ether.
3. The fuel formulation of claim 1 wherein the naphtha fuel component is Fischer-Tropsch derived.
4. The fuel formulation of claim 1 wherein the low boiling component comprises a C3 to C5 hydrocarbon or mixture thereof.
5. The fuel formulation of claim 1 which has a measured cetane number (ASTM D613) of 40 or greater.
6. The fuel formulation of claim 1 having a vapour composition which is greater than its upper flammability limit at 0° C. and a Reid vapour pressure (EN 13016-1) of 100 kPa or less.
7. The fuel formulation of claim 1 having a vapour composition which is greater than its upper flammability limit at 10° C. and a Reid vapour pressure (EN 13016-1) of 60 kPa or less.
8. The fuel formulation of claim 1 wherein the concentration of the DAE is from 5 to 50% v/v.
9. The fuel formulation of claim 1 wherein the concentration of the naphtha fuel component is from 10 to 98% v/v.
10. The fuel formulation of claim 1 wherein the concentration of the low boiling component (iii) is from 0.5 to 30% v/v.
11. The fuel formulation of claim 1 which contains less than 10% v/v of alcohols.
12. A process for the preparation of a CI fuel formulation comprising blending together (i) a C4 to C8 DAE, (ii) a naphtha fuel component and (iii) a low boiling component having a boiling point of from −20 to +20° C. selected from low boiling hydrocarbons, ethers and mixtures thereof.
13. A method of operating an internal combustion engine, and/or a vehicle which is driven by an internal combustion engine comprising introducing into a combustion chamber of the engine a CI fuel formulation of claim 1 .
14. A compression ignition (CI) fuel formulation comprising (i) a C4 to C8 dialkyl ether (DAE), (ii) a naphtha fuel component and (iii) a low boiling component having a boiling point of 50° C. or below selected from C3 to C5 hydrocarbons, di(C1 to C3 alkyl)ethers and mixtures thereof.
15. The composition of claim 14 wherein the low boiling component is selected from the group consisting of n-butane, isobutene, isobutene, but-1-ene, methyl ethyl ether and mixtures thereof.
16. The fuel formulation of claim 14 wherein the concentration of the DAE is from 5 to 50% v/v.
17. The fuel formulation of claim 14 wherein the concentration of the naphtha fuel component is from 10 to 98% v/v.
18. The fuel formulation of claim 14 wherein the concentration of the low boiling component (iii) is from 0.5 to 30% v/v.
19. The fuel formulation of claim 14 which contains less than 10% v/v of alcohols.