Method and system for solution mining
A relatively warm mineral deposit is solution mined by injecting fluid through a well drilled into the deposit and dissolving the mineral to form a production brine. Warm production brine is cooled at the surface using a heat exchanger as a crystallizer to precipitate the mineral in the exchanger and form a slurry. Crystals of the mineral in the slurry are recovered in a separation plant leaving a relatively cool, dilute or depleted brine, which is conveyed through the heat exchanger for cooling the production brine and then injected into the mineral deposit to dissolve more mineral thereby providing a continuous process. A pipe-in-pipe heat exchanger is preferably used and in a manner so that the heat exchanger also serves as a primary means for conveying the production fluid and/or slurry from the well to the separation plant. This method extracts and recovers the desired mineral(s), recovers much of the heat in the production brine, accelerates the solution mining process since the injection fluid has been warmed, reduces salting in the production string, is relatively inexpensive to install and maintain, and does not require a source of energy for cooling the production brine such as electricity for a refrigeration system.
1. In a process for mining a mineral from the earth by circulating a fluid through a deposit of the mineral in the earth for dissolving the mineral; forming crystals of the mineral on the surface of the earth by cooling the circulating fluid in a crystallization system; and recovering the mineral from the circulating fluid with a separation plant, the improvement comprising:
using a means for conveying the circulating fluid some distance to the separation plant as a means for cooling the circulating fluid for forming the crystals in the means for conveying the circulating fluid some distance to the separation plant, wherein the means for conveying the circulating fluid some distance to the separation plant provides the crystallization system without using significant evaporative or refrigerative cooling.
2. The improved process of claim 1 , wherein the means for cooling the circulating fluid comprises a heat exchanger for transferring heat from a warmer first fluid to a cooler second fluid without direct contact between the first and second fluids, and wherein each of the first and second fluids comprises the circulating fluid.
3. The improved process of claim 1 , wherein the means for cooling the circulating fluid comprises:
an inner pipe having an inlet end and an opposing outlet end and a length between the inlet and outlet ends; and
an outer pipe surrounding the inner pipe for essentially the length of the inner pipe,
wherein the inner pipe has an outer surface and the outer pipe has an inner surface,
wherein an annular space is defined between the inner surface of the outer pipe and the outer surface of the inner pipe,
wherein the outer pipe is sealed with the inner pipe proximate to the inlet end of the inner pipe and proximate to the outlet end of the inner pipe, thereby enclosing the annular space,
wherein the outer pipe has an outlet port proximate to the inlet end of the inner pipe,
wherein the outer pipe has an inlet port proximate to the outlet end of the inner pipe,
wherein the inner pipe has an inside wall surface that defines an inner fluid flow path between the inlet end and the outlet end of the inner pipe,
wherein an annular fluid flow path is provided from inlet port of the outer pipe through the annular space to the outlet port of the outer pipe, and
wherein the circulating fluid flows through the inner fluid flow path and through the annular fluid flow path.
4. The improved process of claim 3 , wherein at least one surface of the inner or outer pipe is coated or lined with a substance for minimizing precipitation of the mineral on the coated or lined surface.
5. A process for solution mining, comprising the steps of:
providing an injection conduit into an underground, in situ mineral source, wherein the injection conduit is adapted to convey an injection fluid into the mineral source for dissolving the mineral and forming a concentrated production brine;
providing a production conduit into the mineral source adapted to convey the concentrated production brine to the surface, of the earth;
injecting the injection fluid into the injection conduit;
conveying the concentrated production brine through a crystallizer to a separation plant, wherein crystallization in the crystallizer is caused by cooling the concentrated production brine, wherein the crystallizer consists essentially of a heat exchange system;
extracting the mineral from the concentrated production brine thereby forming a dilute brine stream and a mineral stream;
conveying the dilute brine stream through the heat exchange system to the injection conduit, wherein the injection fluid comprises the dilute brine stream; and
cooling the concentrated production brine with the dilute brine stream in the heat exchange system.
6. The process of claim 5 , wherein the heat exchange system consists essentially of one or more pipe-in-pipe heat exchanger(s) for exchanging heat between the concentrated production brine and the dilute brine stream.
7. The process of claim 6 , wherein the one or more pipe-in-pipe heat exchanger(s) also serves as a primary means for conveying the concentrated production brine to the separation plant and for conveying the dilute brine stream to the injection conduit.
8. The process of claim 5 , further comprising seeding the concentrated production brine to promote crystallization of the mineral.
9. The process of claim 5 , wherein the heat exchange system consists essentially of a pipe-in-pipe heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the concentrated production brine and the dilute brine stream; wherein the pipe-in-pipe heat exchanger includes a first pipe for conveying the concentrated production brine, and wherein the first pipe is coated or lined with a substance adapted for minimizing precipitation of the mineral on the wall of the first pipe.
10. The process of claim 5 , wherein the step of cooling the concentrated production brine with the dilute brine stream in the heat exchange system occurs below the surface of the earth.