Methods and apparatus for treating anaphylaxis using electrical modulation

1. A method of treating bronchoconstriction in a patient comprising

modulating activity in a region at the right branch of the vagus nerve to stimulate a nervous response to relax bronchial smooth muscle and reduce a magnitude of constriction of the bronchial smooth muscle of the patient.

2. The method set forth in claim 1 wherein the region of the vagus nerve is proximal to at least one of the cardiac branch and the bronchial branch of the vagus nerve.

3. The method set forth in claim 1 wherein the modulating step is carried out by applying at least one electrical impulse to the vagus nerve.

4. The method of claim 3 wherein the electrical impulse does not substantially increase a heart rate of the patient.

5. The method of claim 3 , further comprising:

implanting one or more electrodes to the region of the right branch of the vagus nerve; and

applying one or more electrical stimulation signals to the electrodes to produce the at least one electrical impulse.

6. The method of claim 3 further comprising percutaneously introducing one or more electrodes to the region of the right branch of the vagus nerve.

7. The method of claim 3 wherein the electrical impulse has a frequency of between about 1 Hz to 3000 Hz, and an amplitude of between about 1-12 volts.

8. The method of claim 7 wherein the frequency is between about 10 Hz to 50 Hz.

9. The method of claim 7 wherein the electrical impulse has an amplitude of between about 1 to 6 volts.

10. The method of claim 7 wherein the electrical impulse has a pulsed on-time of between about 100 to 400 microseconds.

11. The method of claim 7 wherein the electrical impulse has a frequency of about 25 Hz, a pulsed on-time of about 100-400 microseconds, and an amplitude of about 6 to 12 volts.

12. The method of claim 1 wherein the bronchoconstriction is associated with anaphylaxis, anaphylactic shock, bronchial constriction, and/or asthma.

13. A method of treating bronchoconstriction in a patient comprising applying energy to one or more selected nerve(s) in a parasympathetic nervous system of the patient, the energy being sufficient to relax bronchial smooth muscle and reduce a magnitude of constriction of the bronchial smooth muscle of the patient.

14. The method set forth in claim 13 wherein the one or more selected nerve(s) comprise a region of the right branch of the vagus nerve.

15. The method set forth in claim 13 wherein the applying energy step is carried out by applying at least one electrical impulse to the one or more selected nerve(s).

16. The method of claim 13 wherein the energy does not substantially increase a heart rate of the patient.

17. The method of claim 15 further comprising implanting one or more electrodes adjacent to or near the one or more selected nerve(s) and applying one or more electrical stimulation signals to the electrodes to produce the at least one electrical impulse.

18. The method of claim 15 further comprising percutaneously introducing one or more electrodes adjacent to or near the one or more selected nerve(s).

19. The method of claim 15 wherein the electrical impulse has a frequency of between about 1 Hz to 3000 Hz, and an amplitude of between about 1-12 volts.

20. The method of claim 19 wherein the frequency is between about 10 Hz to 50 Hz.

21. The method of claim 19 wherein the electrical impulse has an amplitude of between about 1 to 6 volts.

22. The method of claim 19 wherein the electrical impulse has a pulsed on-time of between about 100 to 400 microseconds.

23. The method of claim 19 wherein the electrical impulse has a frequency of about 25 Hz, a pulsed on-time of about 100-400 microseconds, and an amplitude of about 6 to 12 volts.

24. The method of claim 13 wherein the bronchoconstriction is associated with anaphylaxis, anaphylactic shock, bronchial constriction, and/or asthma.