Bioactive Grafts and Composites
Disclosed are various bioactive grafts and/or biocompatible materials and methods of making the same. In one embodiment, bone material is harvested from a donor. The harvested bone material is exposed to a lysing agent, the lysing agent configured to release growth factors and bioactive materials from cellular material of the harvested bone material. The harvested bone material is then rinsed with a rinsing agent. The pH of the harvested bone material is substantially neutralized. In another embodiment, an orthopaedic implant includes an antibacterial polysaccharide. The implant may also include an osteostimulative agent.
1 . A porous shape memory osteoconductive orthopaedic implant, comprising:
an antibacterial polysaccharide; and
an osteostimulative agent.
2 . The implant of claim 1 , wherein the polysaccharide is chitosan.
3 . The implant of claim 2 , wherein the chitosan concentration is greater than about 5%.
4 . The implant of claim 2 , wherein the chitosan concentration is greater than about 30%.
5 . The implant of claim 1 , wherein the osteostimulative agent comprises a calcium salt.
6 . The implant of claim 5 , wherein the calcium salt concentration is greater than about 10%.
7 . The implant of claim 5 , wherein the calcium salt concentration is greater than about 30%.
8 . The implant of claim 5 , wherein the calcium salt is calcium phosphate.
9 . The implant of claim 1 , wherein the osteostimulative agent includes granules larger than about 100 μm.
10 . The implant of claim 1 , wherein the osteostimulative agent comprises tissue.
11 . The implant of claim 10 , wherein the tissue is allograft, xenograft, or autograft tissue.
12 . The implant of claim 10 , wherein the tissue is at least partially demineralized bone.
13 . The implant of claim 1 , wherein the implant is crosslinked.
14 . The implant of claim 1 , wherein pore size of the implant is based at least in part upon a control rate freezing.
15 . The implant of claim 14 , wherein pore direction of the implant is adjusted based at least in part upon directional freezing of a designated surface of the implant.
16 . The implant of claim 1 , wherein the implant is at least partially dehydrated and compressed.
17 . The implant of claim 14 , wherein hydration of the compressed implant restores the implant to an uncompressed shape.
18 . A malleable orthopaedic implant, comprising:
an antimicrobial polysaccharide;
an osteostimulative agent; and
water.
19 . The implant of claim 18 , wherein the polysaccharide is chitosan.
20 . The implant of claim 19 , wherein the chitosan concentration is less than about 10%.
21 . The implant of claim 19 , wherein the chitosan concentration is less than about 2.5%.
22 . The implant of claim 18 , wherein the osteostimulative agent comprises a calcium salt.
23 . The implant of claim 22 , wherein the calcium salt concentration is greater than about 10%.
24 . The implant of claim 22 , wherein the calcium salt concentration is greater than about 40%.
25 . The implant of claim 18 , wherein the osteostimulative agent comprises tissue.
26 . The implant of claim 25 , wherein the tissue is allograft tissue.
27 . The implant of claim 25 , wherein the tissue is at least partially demineralized bone.
28 . The implant of claim 18 , wherein the osteostimulative agent includes granules larger than about 100 μm.
29 . The implant of claim 28 , wherein the granules are osteoconductive.
30 . The implant of claim 18 , wherein the implant exhibits anti-microbial activity against staphylococcus aureus (MSRA).
31 . An orthopaedic implant coating, comprising:
an antimicrobial polysaccharide.
32 . An implant comprising the implant coating of claim 31 .
33 . A orthopaedic implant, comprising:
an antibacterial polysaccharide;
where the orthopaedic implant is in granular form.
34 . The implant of claim 33 , wherein the implant is configured to form a putty when mixed with autograft bone.
35 . The implant of claim 33 , wherein the implant is configured to form a putty when mixed with a physiological fluid.
36 . The implant of claim 33 , further including an osteostimulative agent.
37 . The implant of claim 36 , wherein the osteostimulative agent comprises a calcium salt.