Guanylhydrazone compounds, compositions, methods of making and using

1. A compound, having the formula:

or a salt thereof;

wherein X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , and X 4 are each NH 2 C(═NH)—NH—N═CCH 3 —;

wherein Z is:

-(A 1 ) a -(CR 2 R 3 ) x -Q m -(CR 4 R 5 ) y -(A 2 ) b -;

wherein a is 1;

wherein b is 1;

wherein x is selected from the group consisting of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9;

wherein y is selected from the group consisting of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9;

wherein m is 1;

wherein A 1 and A 2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of —NR 8 (CO)NR 9 —, —(CO)NR 8 —, —NR 8 (CO)—, —NR 8 —, —O—, —S—, —S(═O)—, —SO 2 —, —SO 2 NR 8 —, —NR 8 SO 2 —, and salts thereof;

wherein Q is a substituted or unsubstituted group having the following formula:

and wherein when substituted, said Q is substituted with one or more substituent groups selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, halo, bromo, chloro, iodo, fluoro, —N 3 , —CN, —NC, —SH, —NO 2 , —NH 2 , (C 1 -C 20 )alkyl, phenyl, (C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkyl, (C 1 -C 20 )alkoxy, (C 3 -C 25 )heteroaryl, (C 3 -C 25 )heterocyclic, (C 2 -C 20 )alkenyl, (C 3 -C 20 ) cycloalkenyl, (C 2 -C 20 )alkynyl, (C 5 -C 20 )cycloalkynyl, (C 5 -C 25 )aryl, perhalo(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl, (C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-O—, phenyl-O—, (C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkyl-O—, (C 3 -C 25 )heteroaryl-O—, (C 3 -C 25 )heterocyclic-O—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkenyl-O—, (C 3 -C 20 ) cycloalkenyl-O—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkynyl-O—, (C 5 -C 20 )cycloalkynyl-O—, (C 5 -C 25 )aryl-O—, perhalo(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-O—, (C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-S—, phenyl-S—, (C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkyl-S—, (C 3 -C 25 )heteroaryl-S—, (C 3 -C 25 )heterocyclic-S—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkenyl-S—, (C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkenyl-S—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkynyl-S—, (C 5 -C 20 )cycloalkynyl-S—, (C 5 -C 25 )aryl-S—, perhalo(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-S—, (C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-SO 2 —, phenyl-SO 2 —, (C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkyl-SO 2 —, (C 1 -C 20 )alkoxy-SO 2 —, (C 3 -C 25 )heteroaryl-SO 2 —, (C 3 -C 25 )heterocyclic-SO 2 —, (C 2 -C 20 )alkenyl-SO 2 —, (C 3 -C 20 ) cycloalkenyl-SO 2 —, (C 2 -C 20 )alkynyl-SO 2 —, (C 5 -C 20 )cycloalkynyl-SO 2 —, (C 5 -C 25 )aryl-SO 2 —, perhalo(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-SO 2 —, H 2 N—SO 2 —, (C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-NH—SO 2 —, phenyl-NH—SO 2 —, (C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkyl-NH—SO 2 —, (C 1 -C 20 )alkoxy-NH—SO 2 —, (C 3 -C 25 )heteroaryl-NH—SO 2 —, (C 3 -C 25 )heterocyclic-NH—SO 2 —, (C 2 -C 20 )alkenyl-NH—SO 2 —, (C 3 -C 20 ) cycloalkenyl-NH—SO 2 —, (C 2 -C 20 )alkynyl-NH—SO 2 —, (C 5 -C 20 )cycloalkynyl-NH—SO 2 —, (C 5 -C 25 )aryl-NH—SO 2 —, perhalo(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-NH—SO 2 —, {(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl} 2 N—SO 2 —, {phenyl} 2 N—SO 2 —, {(C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkyl} 2 N—SO 2 —, {(C 1 -C 20 )alkoxy} 2 N—SO 2 —, {(C 3 -C 25 )heteroaryl} 2 N—SO 2 —, {(C 3 -C 25 )heterocyclic} 2 N—SO 2 —, {(C 2 -C 20 )alkenyl} 2 N—SO 2 —, {(C 2 -C 20 )alkynyl} 2 N—SO 2 —, {(C 5 -C 20 )cycloalkynyl} 2 N—SO 2 —, {(C 5 -C 25 )aryl} 2 N—SO 2 —, {perhalo(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl} 2 N—SO 2 —, (C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-SO 2 —NH—, phenyl-SO 2 —NH—, (C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkyl-SO 2 —NH—, (C 1 -C 20 )alkoxy-SO 2 —NH—, (C 3 -C 25 )heteroaryl-SO 2 —NH—, (C 3 -C 25 )heterocyclic-SO 2 —NH—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkenyl-SO 2 —NH—, (C 3 -C 20 ) cycloalkenyl-SO 2 —NH—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkynyl-SO 2 —NH—, (C 5 -C 20 )cycloalkynyl-SO 2 —NH—, (C 5 -C 25 )aryl-SO 2 —NH—, perhalo(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-SO 2 —NH—, (C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-NH—, phenyl-NH—, (C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkyl-NH—, (C 1 -C 20 )alkoxy-NH—, (C 3 -C 25 )heteroaryl-NH—, (C 3 -C 25 )heterocyclic-NH—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkenyl-NH—, (C 3 -C 20 ) cycloalkenyl-NH—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkynyl-NH—, (C 5 -C 20 )cycloalkynyl-NH—, (C 5 -C 25 )aryl-NH—, perhalo(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-NH—, {(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl} 2 N—, {phenyl} 2 N—, {(C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkyl} 2 N—, {(C 1 -C 20 )alkoxy} 2 N—, {(C 3 -C 25 )heteroaryl} 2 N—, {(C 3 -C 25 )heterocyclic} 2 N—, {(C 2 -C 20 )alkenyl} 2 N—, {(C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkenyl} 2 N—, {(C 2 -C 20 )alkynyl} 2 N—, {(C 5 -C 20 )cycloalkynyl} 2 N—, {(C 5 -C 25 )aryl} 2 N—, {perhalo(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl} 2 N—, (C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-(C═O)—NH—, phenyl-(C═O)—NH—, (C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkyl-(C═O)—NH—, (C 1 -C 20 )alkoxy-(C═O)—NH—, (C 3 -C 25 )heteroaryl-(C═O)—NH—, (C 3 -C 25 )heterocyclic-(C═O)—NH—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkenyl-(C═O)—NH—, (C 3 -C 20 ) cycloalkenyl-(C═O)—NH—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkynyl-(C═O)—NH—, (C 5 -C 20 )cycloalkynyl-(C═O)—NH—, (C 5 -C 25 )aryl-(C═O)—NH—, perhalo(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-(C═O)—NH—, (C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-(C═O)—{((C 1 -C 20 )alkyl)N}—, phenyl-(C═O)—{((C 1 -C 20 )alkyl)N}—, (C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkyl-(C═O)—{((C 1 -C 20 )alkyl)N}—, (C 1 -C 20 )alkoxy-(C═O)—{((C 1 -C 20 )alkyl)N}—, (C 3 -C 25 )heteroaryl-(C═O)—{((C 1 -C 20 )alkyl)N}—, (C 3 -C 25 )heterocyclic-(C═O)—{((C 1 -C 20 )alkyl)N}—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkenyl-(C═O)—{((C 1 -C 20 )alkyl)N}—, (C 3 -C 20 ) cycloalkenyl-(C═O)—{((C 1 -C 20 )alkyl)N}—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkynyl-(C═O)—{((C 1 -C 20 )alkyl)N}—, (C 5 -C 20 )cycloalkynyl-(C═O)—{((C 1 -C 20 )alkyl)N}—, (C 5 -C 25 )aryl-(C═O)—{((C 1 -C 20 )alkyl)N}—, perhalo(C 3 -C 20 )alkyl-(C═O)—{((C 1 -C 20 )alkyl)N}—, phenyl-(C═O)—NH—, phenyl-(C═O)-{(phenyl)N}—, (C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-(C═O)-{(phenyl)N}—, (C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkyl-(C═O)-{(phenyl)N}—, (C 1 -C 20 )alkoxy-(C═O)-{(phenyl)N}—, (C 3 -C 25 )heteroaryl-(C═O)-{(phenyl)N}—, (C 3 -C 25 )heterocyclic-(C═O)-{(phenyl)N}—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkenyl-(C═O)-{(phenyl)N}—, (C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkenyl-(C═O)-{(phenyl)N}—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkynyl-(C═O)-{(phenyl)N}—, (C 5 -C 20 )cycloalkynyl-(C═O)-{(phenyl)N}—, (C 5 -C 25 )aryl-(C═O)-{(phenyl)N}—, perhalo(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-(C═O)-{(phenyl)N}—, H 2 N(C═O)—, (C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-NH—(C═O)—, phenyl-NH—(C═O)—, (C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkyl-NH—(C═O)—, (C 1 -C 20 )alkoxy-NH—(C═O)—, (C 3 -C 25 )heteroaryl-NH—(C═O)—, (C 3 -C 25 )heterocyclic-NH—(C═O)—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkenyl-NH—(C═O)—, (C 3 -C 20 ) cycloalkenyl-NH—(C═O)—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkynyl-NH—(C═O)—, (C 5 -C 20 )cycloalkynyl-NH—(C═O)—, (C 5 -C 25 )aryl-NH—(C═O)—, perhalo(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-NH—(C═O)—, {C 1 -C 20 )alkyl} 2 N—(C═O)—, {phenyl}{(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl}N—(C═O)—, {(C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkyl}{(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl}N—(C═O)—, {(C 1 -C 20 )alkoxy}{(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl}N—(C═O)—, {(C 3 -C 25 )heteroaryl}{(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl}N—(C═O)—, {(C 3 -C 25 )heterocyclic}{(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl}N—(C═O)—, {(C 2 -C 20 )alkenyl}{(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl}N—(C═O)—, {(C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkenyl}{(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl}N—(C═O)—, {(C 2 -C 20 )alkynyl}{(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl}N—(C═O)—, {(C 5 -C 20 )cycloalkynyl}{(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl}N—(C═O)—, {(C 5 -C 25 )aryl}{(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl}N—(C═O)—, {perhalo(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl}{(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl}N—(C═O)—, {phenyl} 2 N—(C═O)—, {(C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkyl}{phenyl}N—(C═O)—, {(C 1 -C 20 )alkoxy}{phenyl}N—(C═O)—, {(C 3 -C 25 )heteroaryl}{phenyl}N—(C═O)—, {(C 3 -C 25 )heterocyclic}{phenyl}N—(C═O)—, {(C 2 -C 20 )alkenyl}{phenyl}N—(C═O)—, {(C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkenyl}{phenyl}N—(C═O)—, {(C 2 -C 20 )alkynyl}{phenyl}N—(C═O)—, {(C 5 -C 20 )cycloalkynyl}{phenyl}N—(C═O)—, {(C 5 -C 25 )aryl}{phenyl}N—(C═O)—, {perhalo(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl}{phenyl}N—(C═O)—, HO—(C═O)—, (C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-(C═O)—, (C 3 -C 25 )heteroaryl-(C═O)—, (C 3 -C 25 )heterocyclic-(C═O)—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkenyl-(C═O)—, (C 3 -C 20 ) cycloalkenyl-(C═O)—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkynyl-(C═O)—, (C 5 -C 25 )aryl-(C═O)—, perhalo(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-(C═O)—, phenyl-(C═O)—, (C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-O—(C═O)—, (C 3 -C 25 )heteroaryl-O—(C═O)—, (C 3 -C 25 )heterocyclic-O—(C═O)—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkenyl-O—(C═O)—, (C 3 -C 20 ) cycloalkenyl-O—(C═O)—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkynyl-O—(C═O)—, (C 5 -C 25 )aryl-O—(C═O)—, perhalo(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-O—(C═O)—, phenyl-O—(C═O)—, (C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-(C═O)—O—, (C 3 -C 25 )heteroaryl-(C═O)—O—, (C 3 -C 25 )heterocyclic-(C═O)—O—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkenyl-(C═O)—O—, (C 3 -C 20 ) cycloalkenyl-(C═O)—O—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkynyl-(C═O)—O—, (C 5 -C 25 )aryl-(C═O)—O—, phenyl-(C═O)—O—, perhalo(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-(C═O)—O—, and salts thereof;

wherein each of the aforesaid (C 1 -C 20 )alkyl, phenyl, (C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkyl, (C 1 -C 20 )alkoxy, (C 3 -C 25 )heteroaryl, (C 3 -C 25 )heterocyclic, (C 2 -C 20 )alkenyl, (C 3 -C 20 ) cycloalkenyl, (C 2 -C 20 )alkynyl, (C 5 -C 20 )cycloalkynyl, and (C 5 -C 25 )aryl groups (as substituents on said Q) may be optionally and independently substituted by one to four moieties selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, halo, bromo, chloro, iodo, fluoro, —N 3 , —CN, —NC, —SH, —NO 2 , —NH 2 , (C 1 -C 20 )alkyl, phenyl, (C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkyl, (C 1 -C 20 )alkoxy, (C 3 -C 25 )heteroaryl, (C 3 -C 25 )heterocyclic, (C 2 -C 20 )alkenyl, (C 3 -C 20 ) cycloalkenyl, (C 2 -C 20 )alkynyl, (C 5 -C 20 )cycloalkynyl, (C 5 -C 25 )aryl, perhalo(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl, (C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-O—, phenyl-O—, (C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkyl-O—, (C 3 -C 25 )heteroaryl-O—, (C 3 -C 25 )heterocyclic-O—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkenyl-O—, (C 3 -C 20 ) cycloalkenyl-O—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkynyl-O—, (C 5 -C 20 )cycloalkynyl-O—, (C 5 -C 25 )aryl-O—, perhalo(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-O—, (C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-S—, phenyl-S—, (C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkyl-S—, (C 3 -C 25 )heteroaryl-S—, (C 3 -C 25 )heterocyclic-S—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkenyl-S—, (C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkenyl-S—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkynyl-S—, (C 5 -C 20 )cycloalkynyl-S—, (C 5 -C 25 )aryl-S—, perhalo(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-S—, (C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-SO 2 —, phenyl-SO 2 —, (C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkyl-SO 2 —, (C 1 -C 20 )alkoxy-SO 2 —, (C 3 -C 25 )heteroaryl-SO 2 —, (C 3 -C 25 )heterocyclic-SO 2 —, (C 2 -C 20 )alkenyl-SO 2- —, (C 3 -C 20 ) cycloalkenyl-SO 2 —, (C 2 -C 20 )alkynyl-SO 2 —, (C 5 -C 20 )cycloalkynyl-SO 2 —, (C 5 -C 25 )aryl-SO 2 —, perhalo(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-SO 2 —, H 2 N—SO 2 —, (C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-NH—SO 2 —, phenyl-NH—SO 2 —, (C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkyl-NH—SO 2 —, (C 1 -C 20 )alkoxy-NH—SO 2 —, (C 3 -C 25 )heteroaryl-NH—SO 2 —, (C 3 -C 25 )heterocyclic-NH—SO 2 —, (C 2 -C 20 )alkenyl-NH—SO 2 —, (C 3 -C 20 ) cycloalkenyl-NH—SO 2 —, (C 2 -C 20 )alkynyl-NH—SO 2 —, (C 5 -C 20 )cycloalkynyl-NH—SO 2 —, (C 5 -C 25 )aryl-NH—SO 2 —, perhalo(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-NH—SO 2 —, {(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl} 2 N—SO 2 , {phenyl} 2 N—SO 2 —, {(C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkyl} 2 N—SO 2 —, {(C 1 -C 20 )alkoxy} 2 N—SO 2 —, {(C 3 -C 25 )heteroaryl} 2 N—SO 2 —, {(C 3 -C 25 )heterocyclic} 2 N—SO 2 —, {(C 2 -C 20 )alkenyl} 2 N—SO 2 —, {(C 2 -C 20 )alkynyl} 2 N—SO 2 —, {(C 5 -C 20 )cycloalkynyl} 2 N—SO 2 —, {(C 5 -C 25 )aryl} 2 N—SO 2 —, {perhalo(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl} 2 N—SO 2 —, (C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-SO 2 —NH—, phenyl-SO 2 —NH—, (C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkyl-SO 2 —NH—, (C 1 -C 20 )alkoxy-SO 2 —NH—, (C 3 -C 25 )heteroaryl-SO 2 —NH—, (C 3 -C 25 )heterocyclic-SO 2 —NH—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkenyl-SO 2 —NH—, (C 3 -C 20 ) cycloalkenyl-SO 2 —NH—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkynyl-SO 2 —NH—, (C 5 -C 20 )cycloalkynyl-SO 2 —NH—, (C 5 -C 25 )aryl-SO 2 —NH—, perhalo(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-SO 2 —NH—, (C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-NH—, phenyl-NH—, (C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkyl-NH—, (C 1 -C 20 )alkoxy-NH—, (C 3 -C 25 )heteroaryl-NH—, (C 3 -C 25 )heterocyclic-NH—, (C 2 —C 20 )alkenyl-NH—, (C 3 -C 20 ) cycloalkenyl-NH—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkynyl-NH—, (C 5 -C 20 )cycloalkynyl-NH—, (C 5 -C 25 )aryl-NH—, perhalo(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-NH—, {(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl} 2 N—, {phenyl} 2 N—, {(C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkyl} 2 N—, {(C 1 -C 20 )alkoxy} 2 N—, {(C 3 -C 25 )heteroaryl} 2 N—, {(C 3 -C 25 )heterocyclic} 2 N—, {(C 2 -C 20 )alkenyl} 2 N—, {(C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkenyl} 2 N—, {(C 2 -C 20 )alkynyl} 2 N—, {(C 5 -C 20 )cycloalkynyl} 2 N—, {(C 5 -C 25 )aryl} 2 N—, {perhalo(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl} 2 N—, (C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-(C═O)—NH—, phenyl-(C═O)—NH—, (C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkyl-(C═O)—NH—, (C 1 -C 20 )alkoxy-(C═O)—NH—, (C 3 -C 25 )heteroaryl-(C═O)—NH—, (C 3 -C 25 )heterocyclic-(C═O)—NH—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkenyl-(C═O)—NH—, (C 3 -C 20 ) cycloalkenyl-(C═O)—NH—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkynyl-(C═O)—NH—, (C 5 -C 20 )cycloalkynyl-(C═O)—NH—, (C 5 -C 25 )aryl-(C═O)—NH—, perhalo(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-(C═O)—NH—, (C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-(C═O)-{((C 1 -C 20 )alkyl)N}—, phenyl-(C═O)-{((C 1 -C 20 )alkyl)N}—, (C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkyl-(C═O)-{((C 1 -C 20 )alkyl)N}—, (C 1 -C 20 )alkoxy-(C═O)-{((C 1 -C 20 )alkyl)N}—, (C 3 -C 25 )heteroaryl-(C═O)-{((C 1 -C 20 )alkyl)N}—, (C 3 -C 25 )heterocyclic-(C═O)-{((C 1 -C 20 )alkyl)N}—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkenyl-(C═O)-{((C 1 -C 20 )alkyl)N}—, (C 3 -C 20 ) cycloalkenyl-(C═O)-{((C 1 -C 20 )alkyl)N}—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkynyl-(C═O)-{((C 1 -C 20 )alkyl)N}—, (C 1 -C 20 )cycloalkynyl-(C═O)-{((C 1 -C 20 )alkyl)N}—, (C 5 -C 25 )aryl-(C═O)-{((C 1 -C 20 )alkyl)N}—, perhalo(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-(C═O)-{((C 1 -C 20 )alkyl)N}—, phenyl-(C═O)—NH—, phenyl-(C═O)-{(phenyl)N}—, (C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-(C═O)-{(phenyl)N}—, (C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkyl-(C═O)-{(phenyl)N}—, (C 1 -C 20 )alkoxy-(C═O)-{(phenyl)N}—, (C 3 -C 25 )heteroaryl-(C═O)-{(phenyl)N}—, (C 3 -C 25 )heterocyclic-(C═O)-{(phenyl)N}—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkenyl-(C═O)-{(phenyl)N}—, (C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkenyl-(C═O)-{(phenyl)N}—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkynyl-(C═O)-{(phenyl)N}—, (C 5 -C 20 )cycloalkynyl-(C═O)-{(phenyl)N}—, (C 2 -C 20 )aryl-(C═O)-{(phenyl)N}—, perhalo(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-(C═O)-{(phenyl)N}—, H 2 N(C═O)—, (C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-NH—(C═O)—, phenyl-NH—(C═O)—, (C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkyl-NH—(C═O)—, (C 1 -C 20 )alkoxy-NH—(C═O)—, (C 3 -C 25 )heteroaryl-NH—(C═O)—, (C 3 -C 25 )heterocyclic-NH—(C═O)—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkenyl-NH—(C═O)—, (C 3 -C 20 ) cycloalkenyl-NH—(C═O)—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkynyl-NH—(C═O)—, (C 5 -C 20 )cycloalkynyl-NH—(C═O)—, (C 5 -C 25 )aryl-NH—(C═O)—, perhalo(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-NH—(C═O)—, {C 1 -C 20 )alkyl} 2 N—(C═O)—, {phenyl}{(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl}N—(C═O)—, {(C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkyl}{(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl}N—(C═O)—, {(C 1 -C 20 )alkoxy}{(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl}N—(C═O)—, {(C 3 -C 25 )heteroaryl}{(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl}N—(C═O)—, {(C 3 -C 25 )heterocyclic}{(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl}N—(C═O)—, {(C 2 -C 20 )alkenyl}{(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl}N—(C═O)—, {(C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkenyl}{(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl}N—(C═O)—, {(C 2 -C 20 )alkynyl}{(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl}N—(C═O)—, {(C 5 -C 20 )cycloalkynyl}{(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl}N—(C═O)—, {(C 5 -C 25 )aryl}{(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl}N—(C═O)—, {perhalo(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl}{(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl}N—(C═O)—, {phenyl} 2 N—(C═O)—, {(C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkyl}{phenyl}N—(C═O)—, {(C 1 -C 20 )alkoxy}{phenyl}N—(C═O)—, {(C 3 -C 25 )heteroaryl}{phenyl}N—(C═O)—, {(C 3 -C 25 )heterocyclic}{phenyl}N—(C═O)—, {(C 2 -C 20 )alkenyl}{phenyl}N—(C═O)—, {(C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkenyl}{phenyl}N—(C═O)—, {(C 2 -C 20 )alkynyl}{phenyl}N—(C═O)—, {(C 5 -C 20 )cycloalkynyl}{phenyl}N—(C═O)—, {(C 5 -C 25 )aryl}{phenyl}N—(C═O)—, {perhalo(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl}{phenyl}N—(C═O)—, HO—(C═O)—, (C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-(C═O)—, (C 3 -C 25 )heteroaryl-(C═O)—, (C 3 -C 25 )heterocyclic-(C═O)—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkenyl-(C═O)—, (C 3 -C 20 ) cycloalkenyl-(C═O)—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkynyl-(C═O)—, (C 5 -C 25 )aryl-(C═O)—, perhalo(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-(C═O)—, phenyl-(C═O)—, (C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-O—(C═O)—, (C 3 -C 25 )heteroaryl-O—(C═O)—, (C 3 -C 25 )heterocyclic-O—(C═O)—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkenyl-O—(C═O)—, (C 3 -C 20 ) cycloalkenyl-O—(C═O)—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkynyl-O—(C═O)—, (C 5 -C 25 )aryl-O—(C═O)—, perhalo(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-O—(C═O)—, phenyl-O—(C═O)—, (C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-(C═O)—O—, (C 3 -C 25 )heteroaryl-(C═O)—O—, (C 3 -C 25 )heterocyclic-(C═O)—O—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkenyl-(C═O)—O—, (C 3 -C 20 ) cycloalkenyl-(C═O)—O—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkynyl-(C═O)—O—, (C 5 -C 25 )aryl-(C═O)—O—, phenyl-(C═O)—O—, perhalo(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-(C═O)—O—, and salts thereof; and

wherein R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 8 , and R 9 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy, halo, bromo, chloro, iodo, fluoro, —N 3 , —CN, —NC, —SH, —NO 2 , —NH 25 (C 1 -C 20 )alkyl, phenyl, (C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkyl, (C 1 -C 20 )alkoxy, (C 3 -C 25 )heteroaryl, (C 3 -C 25 )heterocyclic, (C 2 -C 20 )alkenyl, (C 3 -C 20 ) cycloalkenyl, (C 2 -C 20 )alkynyl, (C 5 -C 20 )cycloalkynyl, (C 5 -C 25 )aryl, perhalo(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl, (C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-O—, phenyl-O—, (C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkyl-O—, (C 3 -C 25 )heteroaryl-O—, (C 3 -C 25 )heterocyclic-O—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkenyl-O—, (C 3 -C 20 ) cycloalkenyl-O—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkynyl-O—, (C 5 -C 20 )cycloalkynyl-O—, (C 5 -C 25 )aryl-O—, perhalo(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-O—, (C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-S—, phenyl-S—, (C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkyl-S —, (C 3 -C 25 )heteroaryl-S—, (C 3 -C 25 )heterocyclic-S—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkenyl-S—, (C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkenyl-S—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkynyl-S—, (C 5 -C 20 )cycloalkynyl-S—, (C 5 -C 25 )aryl-S—, perhalo(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-S—, (C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-SO 2 —, phenyl-SO 2 —, (C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkyl-SO 2 —, (C 1 -C 20 )alkoxy-SO 2 —, (C 3 -C 25 )heteroaryl-SO 2 —, (C 3 -C 25 )heterocyclic-SO 2 —, (C 2 -C 20 )alkenyl-SO 2 —, (C 3 -C 20 ) cycloalkenyl-SO 2 —, (C 2 -C 20 )alkynyl-SO 2 —, (C 5 -C 20 )cycloalkynyl-SO 2 —, (C 5 -C 25 )aryl-SO 2 —, perhalo(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-SO 2 —, H 2 N—SO 2 —, (C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-NH—SO 2 —, phenyl-NH—SO 2 —, (C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkyl-NH—SO 2 —, (C 1 -C 20 )alkoxy-NH—SO 2 —, (C 3 -C 25 )heteroaryl-NH—SO 2 —, (C 3 -C 25 )heterocyclic-NH—SO 2 —, (C 2 -C 20 )alkenyl-NH—SO 2 —, (C 3 -C 20 ) cycloalkenyl-NH—SO 2 —, (C 2 -C 20 )alkynyl-NH—SO 2 —, (C 5 -C 20 )cycloalkynyl-NH—SO 2 —, (C 5 -C 25 )aryl-NH—SO 2 —, perhalo(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-NH—SO 2 —, {(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl} 2 N—SO 2 —, {phenyl} 2 N—SO 2 —, {(C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkyl} 2 N—SO 2 —, {(C 1 -C 20 )alkoxy} 2 N—SO 2 —, {(C 3 -C 25 )heteroaryl} 2 N—SO 2 —, {(C 3 -C 25 )heterocyclic} 2 N—SO 2 —, {(C 2 -C 20 )alkenyl} 2 N—SO 2 —, {(C 2 -C 20 )alkynyl} 2 N—SO 2 —, {(C 5 -C 20 )cycloalkynyl} 2 N—SO 2 —, {(C 5 -C 25 )aryl} 2 N—SO 2 —, {perhalo(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl} 2 N—SO 2 —, (C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-SO 2 —NH—, phenyl-SO 2 —NH—, (C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkyl-SO 2 —NH—, (C 1 -C 20 )alkoxy-SO 2 —NH—, (C 3 -C 25 )heteroaryl-SO 2 —NH—, (C 3 -C 25 )heterocyclic-SO 2 —NH—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkenyl-SO 2 —NH—, (C 3 -C 20 ) cycloalkenyl-SO 2 —NH—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkynyl-SO 2 —NH—, (C 5 -C 20 )cycloalkynyl-SO 2 —NH—, (C 5 -C 25 )aryl-SO 2 —NH—, perhalo(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-SO 2 —NH—, (C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-NH—, phenyl-NH—, (C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkyl-NH—, (C 1 -C 20 )alkoxy-NH—, (C 3 -C 25 )heteroaryl-NH—, (C 3 -C 25 )heterocyclic-NH—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkenyl-NH—, (C 3 -C 20 ) cycloalkenyl-NH—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkynyl-NH—, (C 5 -C 20 )cycloalkynyl-NH—, (C 5 -C 25 )aryl-NH—, perhalo(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-NH—, {(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl} 2 N—, {phenyl} 2 N—, {(C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkyl} 2 N—, {(C 1 -C 20 )alkoxy} 2 N—, {(C 3 -C 25 )heteroaryl} 2 N—, {(C 3 -C 25 )heterocyclic} 2 N—, {(C 2 -C 20 )alkenyl} 2 N—, {(C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkenyl} 2 N—, {(C 2 -C 20 )alkynyl} 2 N—, {(C 5 -C 20 )cycloalkynyl} 2 N—, {(C 5 -C 25 )aryl} 2 N—, {perhalo(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl} 2 N—, (C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-(C═O)—NH—, phenyl-(C═O)—NH—, (C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkyl-(C═O)—NH—, (C 1 -C 20 )alkoxy-(C═O)—NH—, (C 3 -C 25 )heteroaryl-(C═O)—NH—, (C 3 -C 25 )heterocyclic-(C═O)—NH—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkenyl-(C═O)—NH—, (C 3 -C 20 ) cycloalkenyl-(C═O)—NH—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkynyl-(C═O)—NH—, (C 5 -C 20 )cycloalkynyl-(C═O)—NH—, (C 5 -C 25 )aryl-(C═O)—NH—, perhalo(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-(C═O)—NH—, (C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-(C═O)—{((C 1 -C 20 )alkyl)N}—, phenyl-(C═O)—{((C 1 -C 20 )alkyl)N}—, (C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkyl-(C═O)—{((C 1 -C 20 )alkyl)N}—, (C 1 -C 20 )alkoxy-(C═O)—{((C 1 -C 20 )alkyl)N}—, (C 3 -C 25 )heteroaryl-(C═O)-{((C 1 -C 20 )alkyl)N}—-, (C 3 -C 25 )heterocyclic-(C═O)-{((C 1 -C 20 )alkyl)N}—-, (C 2 -C 20 )alkenyl-(C═O)-{((C 1 -C 20 )alkyl)N}—-, (C 3 -C 20 ) cycloalkenyl-(C═O)-{((C 1 -C 20 )alkyl)N}—-, (C 2 -C 20 )alkynyl-(C═O)-{((C 1 -C 20 )alkyl)N}—-, (C 5 -C 20 )cycloalkynyl-(C═O)-{((C 1 -C 20 )alkyl)N}—-, (C 5 -C 25 )aryl-(C═O)-{((C 1 -C 20 )alkyl)N}—-, perhalo(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-(C═O)-{((C 1 -C 20 )alkyl)N}—-, phenyl-(C═O)—NH—, phenyl-(C═O)-{(phenyl)N}—, (C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-(C═O)-{(phenyl)N}—, (C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkyl-(C═O)-{(phenyl)N}—, (C 1 -C 20 )alkoxy-(C═O)-{(phenyl)N}—, (C 3 -C 25 )heteroaryl-(C═O)-{(phenyl)N}—, (C 3 -C 25 )heterocyclic-(C═O)-{(phenyl)N}—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkenyl-(C═O)-{(phenyl)N}—, (C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkenyl-(C═O)-{(phenyl)N}—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkynyl-(C═O)-{(phenyl)N}—, (C 5 -C 20 )cycloalkynyl-(C═O)-{(phenyl)N}—, (C 5 -C 25 )aryl-(C═O)-{(phenyl)N}—, perhalo(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-(C═O)-{(phenyl)N}—, H 2 N(C═O)—, (C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-NH—(C═O)—, phenyl-NH—(C═O)—, (C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkyl-NH—(C═O)—, (C 1 -C 20 )alkoxy-NH—(C═O)—, (C 3 -C 25 )heteroaryl-NH—(C═O)—, (C 3 -C 25 )heterocyclic-NH—(C═O)—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkenyl-NH—(C═O)—, (C 3 -C 20 ) cycloalkenyl-NH—(C═O)—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkynyl-NH—(C═O)—, (C 5 -C 20 )cycloalkynyl-NH—(C═O)—, (C 5 -C 25 )aryl-NH—(C═O)—, perhalo(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-NH—(C═O)—, {C 1 -C 20 )alkyl} 2 N—(C═O)—, {phenyl}{(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl}N—(C═O)—, {(C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkyl}{(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl}N—(C═O)—, {(C 1 -C 20 )alkoxy}{(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl}N—(C═O)—, {(C 3 -C 25 )heteroaryl}{(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl}N—(C═O)—, {(C 3 -C 25 )heterocyclic}{(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl}N—(C═O)—, {(C 2 -C 20 )alkenyl}{(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl}N—(C═O)—, {(C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkenyl}{(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl}N—(C═O)—, {(C 2 -C 20 )alkynyl}{(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl}N—(C═O)—, {(C 5 -C 20 )cycloalkynyl}{(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl}N—(C═O)—, {(C 5 -C 25 )aryl}{(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl}N—(C═O)—, {perhalo(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl}{(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl}N—(C═O)—, {phenyl} 2 N—(C═O)—, {(C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkyl}{phenyl}N—(C═O)—, {(C 1 -C 20 )alkoxy}{phenyl}N—(C═O)—, {(C 3 -C 25 )heteroaryl}{phenyl}N—(C═O)—, {(C 3 -C 25 )heterocyclic}{phenyl}N—(C═O)—, {(C 2 -C 20 )alkenyl}{phenyl}N—(C═O)—, {(C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkenyl}{phenyl}N—(C═O)—, {(C 2 -C 20 )alkynyl}{phenyl}N—(C═O)—, {(C 5 -C 20 )cycloalkynyl}{phenyl}N—(C═O)—, {(C 5 -C 25 )aryl}{phenyl}N—(C═O)—, {perhalo(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl}{phenyl}N—(C═O)—, HO—(C═O)—, (C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-(C═O)—, (C 3 -C 25 )heteroaryl-(C═O)—, (C 3 -C 25 )heterocyclic-(C═O)—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkenyl-(C═O)—, (C 3 -C 20 ) cycloalkenyl-(C═O)—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkynyl-(C═O)—, (C 5 -C 25 )aryl-(C═O)—, perhalo(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-(C═O)—, phenyl-(C═O)—, (C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-O—(C═O)—, (C 3 -C 25 )heteroaryl-O—(C═O)—, (C 3 -C 25 )heterocyclic-O—(C═O)—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkenyl-O—(C═O)—, (C 3 -C 20 ) cycloalkenyl-O—(C═O)—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkynyl-O—(C═O)—, (C 5 -C 25 )aryl-O—(C═O)—, perhalo(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-O—(C═O)—, phenyl-O—(C═O)—, (C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-(C═O)—O—, (C 3 -C 25 )heteroaryl-(C═O)—O—, (C 3 -C 25 )heterocyclic-(C═O)—O—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkenyl-(C═O)—O—, (C 3 -C 20 ) cycloalkenyl-(C═O)—O—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkynyl-(C═O)—O—, (C 5 -C 25 )aryl-(C═O)—O —, phenyl-(C═O)—O—, perhalo(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-(C═O)—O—, and salts thereof;

wherein each of the aforesaid (C 1 -C 20 )alkyl, phenyl, (C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkyl, (C 1 -C 20 )alkoxy, (C 3 -C 25 )heteroaryl, (C 3 -C 25 )heterocyclic, (C 2 -C 20 )alkenyl, (C 3 -C 20 ) cycloalkenyl, (C 2 -C 20 )alkynyl, (C 5 -C 20 )cycloalkynyl, and (C 5 -C 25 )aryl groups (for said R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 8 , and R 9 groups) may be optionally and independently substituted by one to four moieties selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, halo, bromo, chloro, iodo, fluoro, —N 3 , —CN, —NC, —SH, —NO 2 , —NH 25 (C 1 -C 20 )alkyl, phenyl, (C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkyl, (C 1 -C 20 )alkoxy, (C 3 -C 25 )heteroaryl, (C 3 -C 25 )heterocyclic, (C 2 -C 20 )alkenyl, (C 3 -C 20 ) cycloalkenyl, (C 2 -C 20 )alkynyl, (C 5 -C 20 )cycloalkynyl, (C 5 -C 25 )aryl, perhalo(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl, (C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-O—, phenyl-O—, (C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkyl-O—, (C 3 -C 25 )heteroaryl-O—, (C 3 -C 25 )heterocyclic-O—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkenyl-O—, (C 3 -C 20 ) cycloalkenyl-O—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkynyl-O—, (C 5 -C 20 )cycloalkynyl-O—, (C 5 -C 25 )aryl-O—, perhalo(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-O—, (C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-S—, phenyl-S—, (C 3 -C 2 O)cycloalkyl-S—, (C 3 -C 25 )heteroaryl-S—, (C 3 -C 25 )heterocyclic-S—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkenyl-S—, (C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkenyl-S—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkynyl-S—, (C 5 -C 20 )cycloalkynyl-S—, (C 5 -C 25 )aryl-S—, perhalo(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-S—, (C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-SO 2 —, phenyl-SO 2 —, (C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkyl-SO 2 —, (C 1 -C 20 )alkoxy-SO 2 —, (C 3 -C 25 )heteroaryl-SO 2 —, (C 3 -C 25 )heterocyclic-SO 2 —, (C 2 -C 20 )alkenyl-SO 2 —, (C 3 -C 20 ) cycloalkenyl-SO 2 —, (C 2 -C 20 )alkynyl-SO 2 —, (C 5 -C 20 )cycloalkynyl-SO 2 —, (C 5 -C 25 )aryl-SO 2 —, perhalo(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-SO 2 —, H 2 N—SO 2 —, (C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-NH—SO 2 —, phenyl-NH—SO 2 —, (C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkyl-NH—SO 2 —, (C 1 -C 20 )alkoxy-NH—SO 2 —, (C 3 -C 25 )heteroaryl-NH—SO 2 —, (C 3 -C 25 )heterocyclic-NH—SO 2 —, (C 2 -C 20 )alkenyl-NH—SO 2 —, (C 3 -C 20 ) cycloalkenyl-NH—SO 2 —, (C 2 -C 20 )alkynyl-NH—SO 2 —, (C 5 -C 20 )cycloalkynyl-NH—SO 2 —, (C 5 -C 25 )aryl-NH—SO 2 —, perhalo(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-NH—SO 2 —, {(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl} 2 N—SO 2 —, {phenyl} 2 N—SO 2 —, {(C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkyl} 2 N—SO 2 —, {(C 1 -C 20 )alkoxy} 2 N—SO 2 —, {(C 3 -C 25 )heteroaryl} 2 N—SO 2 —, {(C 3 -C 25 )heterocyclic} 2 N—SO 2 —, {(C 2 -C 20 )alkenyl} 2 N—SO 2 —, {(C 2 -C 20 )alkynyl} 2 N—SO 2 —, {(C 5 -C 20 )cycloalkynyl} 2 N—SO 2 —, {(C 5 -C 25 )aryl} 2 N—SO 2 —, {perhalo(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl} 2 N—SO 2 —, (C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-SO 2 —NH—, phenyl-SO 2 —NH—, (C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkyl-SO 2 —NH—, (C 1 -C 20 )alkoxy-SO 2 —NH—, (C 3 -C 25 )heteroaryl-SO 2 —NH—, (C 3 -C 25 )heterocyclic-SO 2 —NH—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkenyl-SO 2 —NH—, (C 3 -C 20 ) cycloalkenyl-SO 2 —NH—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkynyl-SO 2 —NH—, (C 5 -C 20 )cycloalkynyl-SO 2 —NH—, (C 5 -C 25 )aryl-SO 2 —NH—, perhalo(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-SO 2 —NH—, (C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-NH—, phenyl-NH—, (C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkyl-NH—, (C 1 -C 20 )alkoxy-NH—, (C 3 -C 25 )heteroaryl-NH—, (C 3 -C 25 )heterocyclic-NH—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkenyl-NH—, (C 3 -C 20 ) cycloalkenyl-NH—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkynyl-NH—, (C 5 -C 20 )cycloalkynyl-NH—, (C 5 -C 25 )aryl-NH—, perhalo(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-NH—, {(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl} 2 N—, {phenyl} 2 N—, {(C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkyl} 2 N—, {(C 1 -C 20 )alkoxy} 2 N—, {(C 3 -C 25 )heteroaryl} 2 N—, {(C 3 -C 25 )heterocyclic} 2 N—, {(C 2 -C 20 )alkenyl} 2 N—, {(C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkenyl} 2 N—, {(C 2 -C 20 )alkynyl} 2 N—, {(C 5 -C 20 )cycloalkynyl} 2 N—, {(C 5 -C 25 )aryl} 2 N—, {perhalo(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl} 2 N—, (C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-(C═O)—NH—, phenyl-(C═O)—NH—, (C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkyl-(C═O)—NH—, (C 1 -C 20 )alkoxy-(C═O)—NH—, (C 3 -C 25 )heteroaryl-(C═O)—NH—, (C 3 -C 25 )heterocyclic-(C═O)—NH—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkenyl-(C═O)—NH—, (C 3 -C 20 ) cycloalkenyl-(C═O)—NH—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkynyl-(C═O)—NH—, (C 5 -C 20 )cycloalkynyl-(C═O)—NH—, (C 5 -C 25 )aryl-(C═O)—NH—, perhalo(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-(C═O)—NH—, (C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-(C═O)—{((C 1 -C 20 )alkyl)N}—, phenyl-(C═O)—{((C 1 -C 20 )alkyl)N}—, (C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkyl-(C═O)—{((C 1 -C 20 )alkyl)N}—, (C 1 -C 20 )alkoxy-(C═O)—{((C 1 -C 20 )alkyl)N}—, (C 3 -C 25 )heteroaryl-(C═O)—{((C 1 -C 20 )alkyl)N}—, (C 3 -C 25 )heterocyclic-(C═O)—{((C 1 -C 20 )alkyl)N}—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkenyl-(C═O)—{((C 1 -C 20 )alkyl)N}—, (C 3 -C 20 ) cycloalkenyl-(C═O)—{((C 1 -C 20 )alkyl)N}—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkynyl-(C═O)—{((C 1 -C 20 )alkyl)N}—, (C 5 -C 20 )cycloalkynyl-(C═O)—{((C 1 -C 20 )alkyl)N}—, (C 5 -C 25 )aryl-(C═O)-{((C 1 -C 20 )alkyl)N}—, perhalo(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-(C═O)-{((C 1 -C 20 )alkyl)N}—, phenyl-(C═O)—NH—, phenyl-(C═O)-{(phenyl)N}, (C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-(C═O)-{(phenyl)N}—, (C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkyl-(C═O)-{(phenyl)N}—, (C 1 -C 20 )alkoxy-(C═O)-{(phenyl)N}—, (C 3 -C 25 )heteroaryl-(C═O)-{(phenyl)N}—, (C 3 -C 25 )heterocyclic-(C═O)-{(phenyl)N}—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkenyl-(C═O)-{(phenyl)N}—, (C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkenyl-(C═O)-{(phenyl)N}—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkynyl-(C═O)-{(phenyl)N}—, (C 5 -C 20 )cycloalkynyl-(C═O)-{(phenyl)N}—, (C 5 -C 25 )aryl-(C═O)-{(phenyl)N}—, perhalo(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-(C═O)-{(phenyl)N}—, H 2 N(C═O)—, (C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-NH—(C═O)—, phenyl-NH—(C═O)—, (C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkyl-NH—(C═O)—, (C 1 -C 20 )alkoxy-NH—(C═O)—, (C 3 -C 25 )heteroaryl-NH—(C═O)—, (C 3 -C 25 )heterocyclic-NH—(C═O)—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkenyl-NH—(C═O)—, (C 3 -C 20 ) cycloalkenyl-NH—(C═O)—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkynyl-NH—(C═O)—, (C 5 -C 20 )cycloalkynyl-NH—(C═O)—, (C 5 -C 25 )aryl-NH—(C═O)—, perhalo(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-NH—(C═O)—, {C 1 -C 20 )alkyl} 2 N—(C═O)—, {phenyl}{(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl}N—(C═O)—, {(C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkyl}{(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl}N—(C═O)—, {(C 1 -C 20 )alkoxy}{(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl}N—(C═O)—, {(C 3 -C 25 )heteroaryl}{(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl}N—(C═O)—, {(C 3 -C 25 )heterocyclic}{(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl}N—(C═O)—, {(C 2 -C 20 )alkenyl}{(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl}N—(C═O)—, {(C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkenyl}{(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl}N—(C═O)—, {(C 2 -C 20 )alkynyl}{(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl}N—(C═O)—, {(C 5 -C 20 )cycloalkynyl}{(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl}N—(C═O)—, {(C 5 -C 25 )aryl}{(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl}N—(C═O)—, {perhalo(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl}{(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl}N—(C═O)—, {phenyl} 2 N—(C═O)—, {(C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkyl}{phenyl}N—(C═O)—, {(C 1 -C 20 )alkoxy}{phenyl}N—(C═O)—, {(C 3 -C 25 )heteroaryl}{phenyl}N—(C═O)—, {(C 3 -C 25 )heterocyclic}{phenyl}N—(C═O)—, {(C 2 -C 20 )alkenyl}{phenyl}N—(C═O)—, {(C 3 -C 20 )cycloalkenyl}{phenyl}N—(C═O)—, {(C 2 -C 20 )alkynyl}{phenyl}N—(C═O)—, {(C 5 -C 20 )cycloalkynyl}{phenyl}N—(C═O)—, {(C 5 -C 25 )aryl}{phenyl}N—(C═O)—, {perhalo(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl}{phenyl}N—(C═O)—, HO—(C═O)—, (C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-(C═O)—, (C 3 -C 25 )heteroaryl-(C═O)—, (C 3 -C 25 )heterocyclic-(C═O)—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkenyl-(C═O)—, (C 3 -C 20 ) cycloalkenyl-(C═O)—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkynyl-(C═O)—, (C 5 -C 25 )aryl-(C═O)—, perhalo(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-(C═O)—, phenyl-(C═O)—, (C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-O—(C═O)—, (C 3 -C 25 )heteroaryl-O—(C═O)—, (C 3 -C 25 )heterocyclic-O—(C═O)—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkenyl-O—(C═O)—, (C 3 -C 20 ) cycloalkenyl-O—(C═O)—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkynyl-O—(C═O)—, (C 5 -C 25 )aryl-O—(C═O)—, perhalo(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-O—(C═O)—, phenyl-O—(C═O)—, (C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-(C═O)—O—, (C 3 -C 25 )heteroaryl-(C═O)—O—, (C 3 -C 25 )heterocyclic-(C═O)—O—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkenyl-(C═O)—O—, (C 3 -C 20 ) cycloalkenyl-(C═O)—O—, (C 2 -C 20 )alkynyl-(C═O)—O—, (C 1 -C 25 )aryl-(C═O)—O—, phenyl-(C═O)—O—, perhalo(C 1 -C 20 )alkyl-(C═O)—O—, and salts thereof;

and wherein two independently chosen R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 8 , and R 9 alkyl-containing groups may be taken together with any atom to which they are attached to form a three to forty membered cyclic, heterocyclic or heteroaryl ring.

2. The compound of claim 1 , wherein Z is a group having the formula:

3. The compound of claim 1 , which is in the salt form.

4. A composition, comprising the compound of claim 1 or salt thereof, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient, adjuvant or diluents.

5. The composition of claim 4 , wherein the compound is in the salt form.

6. A method of treating inflammation, comprising administering the compound of claim 1 or salt thereof to a human.

7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the release of TNFα, NO, or both is inhibited in said human as a result of administering the compound or salt.

8. The method of claim 6 , wherein the release of TNFα is inhibited in said human as a result of administering the compound or salt.

9. The method of claim 6 , wherein the release of NO is inhibited in said human as a result.

10. The compound of claim 3 , wherein the salt form is an acid addition salt of the compound with one or more acids selected from the group consisting of hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, acetic acid, citric acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, salicylic acid, p-aminosalicylic acid, malic acid, fumaric acid, succinic acid, ascorbic acid, maleic acid, sulfonic acid, phosphonic acid, perchloric acid, nitric acid, formic acid, propionic acid, gluconic acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid, hydroxymaleic acid, pyruvic acid, phenylacetic acid, benzoic acid, p-aminobenzoic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, nitrous acid, hydroxyethanesulfonic acid, ethylenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, naphthylsulfonic acid, sulfanilic acid, camphersulfonic acid, china acid, mandelic acid, o-methylmandelic acid, hydrogen-benzenesulfonic acid, picric acid, adipic acid, d-o-tolyltartraric acid, tartronic acid, α-toluic acid, (o,m,p)-toluic acid, naphthylamine sulfonic acid, and a combination thereof.

11. The compound of claim 3 , wherein the salt form is one or more of the mucate, isethionate, acetate, glutamate, L-lactate, L-tartrate, tosylate, mesylate, fumarate, maleate, citrate, or sulfate salts, or a combination thereof.

12. The compound of claim 1 , wherein Q is an unsubstituted group.

13. The compound of claim 12 , wherein each of A 1 and A 2 is —NR 8 (CO)—.

14. The compound of claim 13 , wherein R 8 in each of A 1 and A 2 is H.

15. The compound of claim 14 , wherein each of R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , and R 5 is H.

16. The compound of claim 15 , wherein the compound is

or a salt thereof.

17. The compound of claim 16 , wherein the compound is in a salt form.

18. The compound of claim 17 , wherein the salt form is an acid addition salt of the compound with one or more acids selected from the group consisting of hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, acetic acid, citric acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, salicylic acid, p-aminosalicylic acid, malic acid, fumaric acid, succinic acid, ascorbic acid, maleic acid, sulfonic acid, phosphonic acid, perchloric acid, nitric acid, formic acid, propionic acid, gluconic acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid, hydroxymaleic acid, pyruvic acid, phenylacetic acid, benzoic acid, p-aminobenzoic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, nitrous acid, hydroxyethanesulfonic acid, ethylenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, naphthylsulfonic acid, sulfanilic acid, camphersulfonic acid, china acid, mandelic acid, o-methylmandelic acid, hydrogen-benzenesulfonic acid, picric acid, adipic acid, d-o-tolyltartraric acid, tartronic acid, α-toluic acid, (o,m,p)-toluic acid, naphthylamine sulfonic acid, and a combination thereof.

19. The compound of claim 18 , wherein the salt form is one or more of the mucate, isethionate, acetate, glutamate, L-lactate, L-tartrate, tosylate, mesylate, fumarate, maleate, citrate, or sulfate salts, or a combination thereof.