Memory alloy-actuated apparatus and methods for making and using the same
Actuator apparatus having a multi-stable element actuated by memory alloy actuating elements. In one embodiment, the multi-stable actuator comprises a bistable (two-state) diaphragm element adapted to alternate between two stable configurations via forces exerted on the diaphragm by more than one memory alloy filaments in response to thermal activation. The bistable diaphragm element is coupled to a magnetic actuator element resident on a dry portion of a valve fitting, while a plunger actuated by the magnetic actuator element is resident on a wet portion of a valve fitting. Methods for making and using the bistable actuator apparatus are also disclosed.
1. An actuator, comprising:
a multi-stable element configured to have at least two stable configurations, said multi-stable element comprising one or more radially disposed beams extending from a central ring, said beams coupled to one or more arc segments that form a circular periphery concentric to said central ring;
a shaft assembly configured to be displaced when said multi-stable element changes state from a first to a second of said at least two configurations;
a memory alloy filament adapted to exert force on said multi-stable element when actuated, said force causing said multi-stable element to change state from said first to said second configuration; and
a divider element that physically separates said shaft assembly from a plunger, said plunger adapted for actuation of a movable element.
2. The actuator of claim 1 , wherein said divider element separates a dry-side of the actuator from a wet-side of the actuator, said plunger being disposed on the wet-side.
3. The actuator of claim 2 , wherein the movable element comprises a diaphragm.
4. The actuator of claim 1 , wherein said shaft assembly comprises a magnetic element that induces movement with regards to the plunger when the magnetic element is moved.
5. The actuator of claim 4 , wherein said plunger comprises a plunger assembly, said plunger assembly further comprising a substantially compliant element and a ferromagnetic element.
6. The actuator of claim 4 , wherein said magnetic element comprises a ring magnet and said shaft assembly further comprises a ring retainer element that retains said ring magnet.
7. The actuator of claim 1 further comprising a housing assembly, said housing assembly comprising two substantially identical housing elements mated to one another.
8. The actuator of claim 7 , wherein each of the substantially identical housing elements are disposed in a face-to-face orientation such that one or more cantilever snaps disposed on each of the housing elements are disposed opposite each other.
9. The actuator of claim 8 , wherein said substantially identical housing elements are further held together via a plurality of terminal pins.
10. The actuator of claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of terminal pins, at least a portion of said pins being in mechanical coupling with said memory alloy filament.
11. The actuator of claim 10 , wherein said memory alloy filament comprises a ring element that facilitates assembly by fitting over at least one of said terminal pins.
12. The actuator of claim 10 , wherein said shaft assembly comprises a slot that permits the receipt of said memory alloy filament without necessitating the filament be thread through an aperture.
13. The actuator of claim 1 , wherein said memory alloy filament is configured to be actuated through the application of electrical current thereto.
14. An actuator assembly, comprising:
a wet-side portion, said wet-side portion comprising a plunger element; and
a dry-side portion, said dry-side portion comprising:
a bistable element comprising two substantially stable configurations;
a shaft assembly that is displaced when said bistable element changes state from a first configuration to a second configuration; and
a pair of opposing memory alloy filaments routed through said shaft assembly and causing said bistable element to change state when said filaments are actuated, where the pair of opposing memory alloy filaments comprises at least a first memory alloy filament and a second memory alloy filament;
wherein the first memory alloy filament is disposed above said bistable element and the second memory alloy filament is disposed below said bistable element.
15. The actuator assembly of claim 14 , wherein said shaft assembly actuates said plunger element without being in physical contact with said plunger element.
16. The actuator assembly of claim 15 , wherein said shaft assembly comprises a magnetic element that induces movement with regards to the plunger when the magnetic element is moved.
17. The actuator assembly of claim 16 , wherein said magnetic element comprises a ring magnet, and said shaft assembly further comprises a retainer element that retains said ring magnet.
18. The actuator assembly of claim 17 , wherein said retainer element is coupled to a shaft element, said shaft element in turn coupled to the bistable element.
19. The actuator assembly of claim 18 , wherein said bistable element is disposed within a groove formed within a housing assembly, said groove sized to apply a predetermined hoop stress upon a periphery of said bistable element.