Reactor with gas distribution system in bottom
The invention relates to a reactor for carrying out an exothermic process comprising a reactor shell, inlets for introducing reactants and coolant into the reactor shell, outlets for removing product and coolant from the reactor shell, at least two reactor tubes, a coolant chamber, and a gas distribution system below the coolant chamber, whereby at least two reactor tubes extend through the coolant chamber to enable fluid communication between the space below the coolant chamber and the space above the coolant chamber, said reactor comprising one or more highly porous catalysts, said catalyst(s) having a size of at least 1 mm and comprising a porous body and a catalyst material, whereby the porous body has a porosity within the range of between 50 and 98 volume %.
1. A reactor for carrying out an exothermic process comprising a reactor shell, inlets for introducing reactants and coolant into the reactor shell, outlets for removing product and coolant from the reactor shell, at least two reactor tubes, a coolant chamber, and a gas distribution system below the coolant chamber having an outlet placed inside each reactor tube, whereby at least two reactor tubes extend through the coolant chamber to enable fluid communication between a space below the coolant chamber and a space above the coolant chamber, said reactor comprising one or more highly porous catalysts, said catalyst(s) having a size of at least 1 mm and comprising a porous body and a catalyst material, whereby the porous body has a porosity within the range of between 50 and 98 volume %.
2. A reactor according to claim 1 , additionally comprising a top outlet.
3. A reactor according to claim 1 , additionally comprising at least two substantially parallel plates which separate the coolant chamber from the space below the coolant chamber and the space above the coolant chamber.
4. A reactor according to claim 1 , additionally comprising one or more liquid recycle tubes.
5. A reactor according to claim 1 , additionally comprising catalyst retainers at the top and the bottom of reactor tubes.
6. A reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the porous body has a form or shape selected from the group consisting of gauze, honeycomb, monolith, sponge, mesh, webbing, foil construct and woven mat form, or any combination of these.
7. A reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the porous body is made from a metal.
8. A reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the porosity of the catalyst(s) is at least 50 volume %, calculated on the circumferential volume of the catalyst(s), and wherein the external voidage of the catalyst(s) in situ in one or more reactor tubes is in the range of between 0 and 60 volume %, calculated on the reactor tube volume outwith the circumferential volume(s) of the catalyst(s) in the reactor tube.
9. A reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the reactor comprises one or more reactor tubes in which one or more layers of catalysts in the top of the reactor tube has/have a higher intrinsic activity than one or more layers of catalysts in the bottom of the reactor tube.
10. A reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst material comprises a carrier and a catalytically active component.