Biocorrodible implants having a functionalized coating
An implant includes a biocorrodible metallic material having a coating. The coating contains at least one layer in which ionic channels are embedded.
1. An implant comprising a biocorrodible metallic material and having a coating applied to and covering at least some sections of the metallic material, the coating comprising lumens or pores defining ionic channels that selectively transport ions to the metallic material through the coating, wherein the lumens or pores selectively transport only one of anions or cations to respectively increase or retard a corrosion rate of the metallic material.
2. The implant according to claim 1 , characterized in that the ionic channels are embedded in a lipid double layer.
3. The implant according to claim 2 , characterized in that the lipid double layer comprises one or more of amphiphilic lipids, biocompatible amphiphilic lipids, phospholipids, phosphoglycerides, sphingolipids, phosphatidylethanolamines, phosphatidylserines, phosphatidylcholines, sphingomyelins and plasmalogens, as well as mixtures thereof.
4. The implant according to claim 1 , characterized in that the biocorrodible metallic material is a magnesium alloy and wherein said embedded ionic channels transport ions between an external environment and the metallic material.
5. The implant according to claim 1 , characterized in that the biocorrodible metallic material is one of iron or an iron alloy and the lumens or pores selectively transport anions that increase the corrosion rate of the iron or iron alloy.
6. The implant according to claim 1 , characterized in that the at least one layer has exclusively ionic channels of a single type.
7. The implant according to claim 1 , characterized in that at least some of the ionic channels have polypeptide structures.
8. The implant according to claim 1 , characterized in that at least some of the ionic channels are peptide-free.
9. The implant according to claim 1 , characterized in that at least some of the ionic channels are selective.
10. The implant according to claim 1 , characterized in that at least some of the ionic channels are selective for cations.
11. The implant according to claim 10 wherein the at least some of the ionic channels are selective for Ca cations to retard the corrosion rate of the metallic material.
12. The implant according to claim 1 , characterized in that some or all of the ionic channels are selective for anions.
13. The implant according to claim 12 wherein the at least some of the ionic channels are selective for Cl anions to enhance the corrosion rate of the metallic material.
14. The implant according to claim 1 , characterized in that at least some of the ionic channels comprise poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)(PHB).
15. The implant according to claim 1 wherein at least some of the ionic channels comprise PHB and calcium polyphosphate (Ca(polyP)).
16. The implant according to claim 1 wherein at least some of the ionic channels comprise PHB polymers with 115 to 150 monomer radicals and Ca(polyP) with 50 to 80 phosphate radicals.
17. The implant according to claim 1 , characterized in that at least some of the ionic channels comprise a plurality of compound 1, where compound 1 is:
18. The implant according to claim 1 , characterized in that at least some of the ionic channels comprise an oligo-(p-phenylene)-N,N-naphthalenediimide (O-NDI) molecule.
19. The implant according to claim 1 , wherein the embedded ionic channels are aligned in a radial direction relative to the implant and have an electrochemical gradient that transports ions.
20. The medical implant according to claim 1 , consisting of the metallic material and the coating comprising lumens or pores defining ionic channels.
21. A medical implant comprising:
a magnesium alloy base body; and,
a coating applied to and covering substantially all of an exterior surface of the base body and having ionic channels imparting permeability to the coating for selective transport of ions from external of the coating to the base body through the coating, said ionic channels being selective for Cl anions and comprising at least one of (O-NDI) and the compound 1, where compound 1 is:
22. The medical implant according to claim 21 , the embedded ionic channels having an electrochemical gradient that transports ions.