Percussion primers comprising a primer composition and ordnance including the same
View Patent ↗A primer composition that includes stabilized, encapsulated red phosphorus, at least one oxidizer, at least one secondary explosive composition, at least one light metal, and at least one acid resistant binder. The stabilized, encapsulated red phosphorus may include particles of red phosphorus, a metal oxide coating, and a polymer layer. The metal oxide coating may be a coating of aluminum hydroxide, bismuth hydroxide, cadmium hydroxide, cerium hydroxide, chromium hydroxide, germanium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, manganese hydroxide, niobium hydroxide, silicon hydroxide, tin hydroxide, titanium hydroxide, zinc hydroxide, zirconium hydroxide, or mixtures thereof. The polymer layer may be a layer of epoxy resin, melamine resin, phenol formaldehyde resin, polyurethane resin, or mixtures thereof. A percussion cap primer that includes the primer composition, a tertiary explosive composition, and a cup is also disclosed, as are ordnance devices including the primer composition.
1. A percussion primer comprising a primer composition, a tertiary explosive composition, and a cup, wherein the primer composition comprises a stabilized, encapsulated red phosphorus, at least one oxidizer, at least one secondary explosive composition, and at least one light metal, the stabilized, encapsulated red phosphorus comprising from approximately 10% by weight to 28% by weight of a total weight of the primer composition, the at least one oxidizer comprising from approximately 30% by weight to approximately 80% by weight of the total weight of the primer composition, the at least one secondary explosive composition comprising from approximately 1% by weight to approximately 10% by weight of the total weight of the primer composition, and the at least one light metal comprising from approximately 1% by weight to approximately 10% by weight of the total weight of the primer composition.
2. The percussion primer of claim 1 , wherein the primer composition comprises the stabilized, encapsulated red phosphorus, potassium nitrate, pentaerythritol tetranitrate, aluminum, and gum tragacanth.
3. An ordnance device, comprising:
a primer composition comprising a stabilized, encapsulated red phosphorus, at least one oxidizer, at least one secondary explosive composition, and at least one light metal, the stabilized, encapsulated red phosphorus comprising from approximately 10% by weight to 28% by weight of a total weight of the primer composition, the at least one oxidizer comprising from approximately 30% by weight to approximately 80% by weight of the total weight of the primer composition, the at least one secondary explosive composition comprising from approximately 1% by weight to approximately 10% by weight of the total weight of the primer composition, and the at least one light metal comprising from approximately 1% by weight to approximately 10% by weight of the total weight of the primer composition; and
at least one of another explosive and a propellant.
4. The ordnance device of claim 3 , wherein the stabilized, encapsulated red phosphorus comprises particles of red phosphorus, a metal oxide coating, and a polymer.
5. The ordnance device of claim 4 , wherein the metal oxide coating comprises a coating of a metal oxide selected from the group consisting of aluminum hydroxide, bismuth hydroxide, cadmium hydroxide, cerium hydroxide, chromium hydroxide, germanium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, manganese hydroxide, niobium hydroxide, silicon hydroxide, tin hydroxide, titanium hydroxide, zinc hydroxide, zirconium hydroxide, and mixtures thereof.
6. The ordnance device of claim 4 , wherein the polymer comprises epoxy resin, melamine resin, phenol formaldehyde resin, polyurethane resin, or mixtures thereof.
7. The ordnance device of claim 3 , wherein the at least one oxidizer comprises a light metal nitrate selected from the group consisting of lithium nitrate, beryllium nitrate, sodium nitrate, magnesium nitrate, potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate, rubidium nitrate, strontium nitrate, cesium nitrate, and mixtures thereof.
8. The ordnance device of claim 3 , wherein the at least one secondary explosive composition comprises pentaerythritol tetranitrate, cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine, cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine, trinitrotoluene, hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane, or mixtures thereof.
9. The ordnance device of claim 3 , wherein the at least one light metal comprises magnesium, aluminum, or mixtures thereof.
10. The ordnance device of claim 3 , wherein the primer composition comprises the stabilized, encapsulated red phosphorus, pentaerythritol tetranitrate, potassium nitrate, aluminum, and gum tragacanth.
11. The ordnance device of claim 3 , wherein the ordnance device is configured as one of a rimfire cartridge, a center fire cartridge, a shot shell, a rifled slugs shell, a grenade, a mortar round, a device including a detcord initiator, a rocket motor, an illuminating flare, a signaling flare, an aircraft ejection seat, a tubular goods cutter, and an explosive bolt.
12. The percussion primer of claim 1 , wherein the primer composition further comprises at least one binder.
13. The percussion primer of claim 1 , wherein the stabilized, encapsulated red phosphorus comprises red phosphorus, a metal oxide coating, and a polymer.
14. The percussion primer of claim 13 , wherein the metal oxide coating comprises a coating of a metal hydroxide selected from the group consisting of aluminum hydroxide, bismuth hydroxide, cadmium hydroxide, cerium hydroxide, chromium hydroxide, germanium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, manganese hydroxide, niobium hydroxide, silicon hydroxide, tin hydroxide, titanium hydroxide, zinc hydroxide, zirconium hydroxide, and mixtures thereof.
15. The percussion primer of claim 13 , wherein the polymer comprises epoxy resin, melamine resin, phenol formaldehyde resin, polyurethane resin, or mixtures thereof.
16. The percussion primer of claim 1 , wherein the stabilized, encapsulated red phosphorus comprises red phosphorus stabilized with a metal oxide and encapsulated with a polymer.
17. The percussion primer of claim 1 , wherein the at least one light metal comprises from approximately 5% by weight to approximately 10% by weight of the total weight of the primer composition.
18. The percussion primer of claim 1 , wherein the at least one oxidizer comprises from approximately 40% by weight to approximately 70% by weight of the total weight of the primer composition.
19. The percussion primer of claim 1 , wherein the at least one secondary explosive composition comprises pentaerythritol tetranitrate, cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine, cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine, trinitrotoluene, hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane, or mixtures thereof.
20. The percussion primer of claim 1 , wherein the at least one light metal comprises magnesium, aluminum, or mixtures thereof.
21. A percussion primer comprising a primer composition, a tertiary explosive composition, and a cup, wherein the primer composition comprises a stabilized, encapsulated red phosphorus, at least one oxidizer, at least one light metal, and at least one binder, the stabilized, encapsulated red phosphorus comprising from approximately 10% by weight to 28% by weight of a total weight of the primer composition, the at least one oxidizer comprising from approximately 30% by weight to approximately 80% by weight of the total weight of the primer composition, the at least one light metal comprising from approximately 1% by weight to approximately 10% by weight of the total weight of the primer composition, and the at least one binder comprising from approximately 0.2% by weight to approximately 20% by weight of the total weight of the primer composition.
22. The percussion primer of claim 21 , wherein the at least one binder comprises gum arabic, gum tragacanth, gum xanthan, gum turpentine, polyester, polyurethane, polystyrene, styrene-butadine, epoxy resin, isobutylene rubber, or mixtures thereof.
23. The percussion primer of claim 21 , wherein the at least one binder comprises from approximately 0.2% by weight to approximately 1.0% by weight of the total weight of the primer composition.
24. The percussion primer of claim 21 , wherein the stabilized, encapsulated red phosphorus comprises particles of red phosphorus, a coating of a metal oxide on the particles of red phosphorus, and a polymer encapsulating the particles of red phosphorus.
25. The percussion primer of claim 21 , wherein the primer composition consists essentially of a homogeneous mixture of stabilized, encapsulated red phosphorus, potassium nitrate, pentaerythritol tetranitrate, aluminum, and gum tragacanth.
26. The percussion primer of claim 21 , wherein the primer composition further comprises at least one secondary explosive composition.
27. The percussion primer of claim 21 , wherein the stabilized, encapsulated red phosphorus comprises red phosphorus, a metal oxide precipitated on a surface of the red phosphorus, and a polymer encapsulating the red phosphorus.
28. The percussion primer of claim 21 , wherein the primer composition comprises 25% by weight of the stabilized, encapsulated red phosphorus, 64.8% by weight of potassium nitrate, 5% by weight of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, 5% by weight of aluminum, and 0.2% by weight of gum tragacanth.
29. An ordnance device, comprising:
a primer composition comprising a stabilized, encapsulated red phosphorus, at least one oxidizer, at least one light metal, and at least one binder, the stabilized, encapsulated red phosphorus comprising from approximately 10% by weight to 28% by weight of a total weight of the primer composition, the at least one oxidizer comprising from approximately 30% by weight to approximately 80% by weight of the total weight of the primer composition, the at least one light metal comprising from approximately 1% by weight to approximately 10% by weight of the total weight of the primer composition, and the at least one binder comprising from approximately 0.2% by weight to approximately 20% by weight of the total weight of the primer composition; and
at least one of another explosive and a propellant.
30. The ordnance device of claim 29 , wherein the at least one binder comprises gum arabic, gum tragacanth, gum xanthan, gum turpentine, polyester, polyurethane, polystyrene, styrene-butadine, epoxy resin, isobutylene rubber, or mixtures thereof.