Fair-value pricing of a financial asset
View Patent ↗An exemplary embodiment comprises a method for determining at an effective valuation time a fair value of an exchange traded fund comprising securities, at least one of the securities not currently trading in a liquid market, comprising: (a) for each security: (i) receiving historical price data, wherein the historical price data comprises data for price-related time-dependent variables; (ii) performing a regression analysis on the historical price data; and (iii) calculating at the effective valuation time a fair value of the security based on the regression analysis and on values of one or more of the plurality of price-related time-dependent variables; (b) multiplying the fair value by the security's weighting in the exchange traded fund to obtain a weighted fair value; and (c) aggregating the weighted fair values of the plurality of securities in the exchange traded fund to obtain a fair value adjusted price for the exchange traded fund.
1. A computerized method for determining at an effective valuation time a fair value of an exchange traded fund comprising a plurality of securities, each of said plurality of securities having a weighting in said exchange traded fund, comprising:
for each security in said exchange traded fund:
electronically receiving historical price data, wherein said historical price data comprises data for a plurality of price-related time-dependent variables;
electronically performing a regression analysis on said historical price data; and
electronically calculating at said effective valuation time a fair value of said security based on said regression analysis and on values of one or more of said plurality of price-related time-dependent variables;
electronically multiplying said fair value by said security's weighting in said exchange traded fund to obtain a weighted fair value; and
aggregating said weighted fair values of each of said plurality of securities in said exchange traded fund to obtain a fair value adjusted price for said exchange traded fund at a time when at least one security in said exchange traded fund is not currently traded in a liquid market,
wherein the steps of electronically receiving, performing, calculating, and multiplying are processed on a computer system.
2. A computerized method for determining at an effective valuation time a fair value of a futures contract based on an equity index comprising a plurality of securities, each of said plurality of securities having a weighting in said equity index, comprising:
for each security in said equity index:
electronically receiving historical price data, wherein said historical price data comprises data for a plurality of price-related time-dependent variables;
electronically performing a regression analysis on said historical price data;
electronically calculating at said effective valuation time a fair value of said security based on said regression analysis and on values of one or more of said plurality of price-related time-dependent variables;
electronically multiplying said fair value by said security's weighting in said equity index to obtain a weighted fair value;
aggregating said weighted fair values of each of said plurality of securities in said equity index to obtain an adjustment factor for said equity index; and
applying said adjustment factor to a market settlement price of said futures contract at a time when at least one security in said equity index is not currently traded in a liquid market,
wherein the steps of electronically receiving, performing, calculating, and multiplying are processed on a computer system.
3. A computerized method for determining at an effective valuation time a fair value of an option based on a security, comprising:
electronically receiving historical price data for said security, wherein said historical price data comprises data for a plurality of price-related time-dependent variables;
electronically performing a regression analysis on said historical price data;
electronically calculating at said effective valuation time a fair value of said security based on said regression analysis and on values of one or more of said plurality of price-related time-dependent variables;
electronically calculating an implied volatility for said option; and
calculating a price for said option based on said implied volatility and said fair value of said security at a time when said security is not currently traded on a liquid market,
wherein the steps of electronically receiving, performing, and calculating are processed on a computer system.
4. A computerized method for determining at an effective valuation time a fair value of a market-traded fixed income security, comprising:
receiving historical price data, wherein said historical price data comprises data for a plurality of price-related time-dependent variables;
performing a regression analysis on said historical price data; and
calculating at said effective valuation time a fair value of said market-traded fixed income security based on said regression analysis and on values of one or more of said plurality of price-related time-dependent variables, said effective valuation time occurring when said market-traded fixed income security is not currently trading in a liquid market;
wherein the steps of electronically receiving, performing, and calculating are processed on a computer system comprising one or more processors.
5. A method as in claim 1 , wherein said exchange traded fund comprises one or more securities traded on one or more markets outside the United States.
6. A method as in claim 5 , wherein for each security in said exchange traded fund, said fair value at said effective valuation time is calculated based further on a currency exchange rate.
7. A method as in claim 5 , wherein for each security in said exchange traded fund, said fair value at said effective valuation time is calculated based further on one or more beta coefficients.
8. A method as in claim 5 , wherein for each security in said exchange traded fund, said fair value at said effective valuation time is calculated every second following local market close time.
9. A method as in claim 4 , wherein said historical price data comprises data regarding one or more of: coupon rate, payment frequency, maturity date, issue features, rating category, industrial sector, and issuer.
10. A method as in claim 4 , wherein said historical price data comprises data inputs for a market on which said fixed income security is traded, said market data inputs comprising one or more of: historical trade data, historical valuation data, benchmark curves, volatilities, and credit spreads.
11. A method as in claim 4 , wherein said regression analysis comprises regression of correlative factors to market data inputs to determine beta coefficients.
12. A method as in claim 11 , wherein said calculating at said effective valuation time a fair value of said market-traded fixed income security comprises multiplying factor changes to beta coefficients to determine an adjustment for each market data input.
13. A method as in claim 2 , wherein said calculating at said effective valuation time a fair value for each security in said equity index comprises calculating an evaluation adjustment factor for said security.
14. A method as in claim 13 , wherein said calculating at said effective valuation time a fair value for each security in said equity index comprises multiplying said evaluated adjustment factor by a daily percentage weighting for said security.
15. A method as in claim 3 , wherein said option is a European-style option.
16. A method as in claim 3 , wherein said option is an exchange-listed or over-the-counter (OTC) option.
17. A method as in claim 3 , wherein said implied volatility is calculated based on one or more of: option type, strike price, option price, time to expiration, risk-free rate, and underlying stock price, using an option pricing model.