High performance micro-fabricated quadrupole lens
This invention provides a method of aligning sets of cylindrical electrodes in the geometry of a miniature quadrupole electrostatic lens, which can act as a mass filter in a quadrupole mass spectrometer. The electrodes are mounted in pairs on microfabricated supports, which are formed from conducting parts on an insulating substrate. Complete segmentation of the conducting parts provides low capacitative coupling between co-planar cylindrical electrodes, and allows incorporation of a Brubaker prefilter to improve sensitivity at a given mass resolution. A complete quadrupole is constructed from two such supports, which are spaced apart by further conducting spacers. The spacers are continued around the electrodes to provide a conducting screen.
1. A quadrupole lens comprising first and second microfabricated mounts, each mount comprising an insulating substrate having formed thereon first and second mounting members configured to receive a first and second electrode respectively, the first and second mounting members being physically distinct from one another, the lens further comprising at least one spacer located between the first and second mounting members such that a received electrode passes through the at least one spacer wherein the at least one spacer comprises a pair of first and second spheres located on opposite side of the received electrode, the received electrode passing between each of the first and second spheres.
2. The lens of claim 1 wherein the at least one spacer has a height greater than the height of either the first or second mounting members.
3. The lens of claim 1 wherein the at least one spacer provides a kinematic coupling between the first and second substrates when brought together to form a sandwich structure.
4. The lens of claim 1 comprising a seat for each sphere.
5. The lens of claim 1 wherein each sphere is formed from an insulating material.
6. The lens of claim 1 comprising a plurality of spacers, each spacer comprising a pair of spheres which are coupled to the substrate.
7. The lens of claim 1 wherein each mounting member is formed from two support members, the support members being physically distinct from one another.
8. The lens as claimed in claim 1 wherein each of the first and second mounting members having a conductive surface provided on an upper surface thereof such that when an electrode is received and located on the first and second mounting members electrical contact is effected between the electrode and its respective mounting member.
9. The lens as claimed in claim 1 comprising an electrical contact to each of the electrodes.
10. The lens as claimed in claim 8 wherein an inserted electrode is receivable within a locating feature located in an upper surface of either of the first and second mounting members.
11. The lens as claimed in claim 1 wherein each of the first and second mounts are arranged in a sandwich structure such that the insulating substrate of each of the first and second mounts are on opposite sides of the structure and provide an outer surface thereof.
12. The lens as claimed in claim 11 wherein on forming the sandwich structure, the spacer contacts each of the first and second substrates, thereby defining the separation distance between the opposing substrates.
13. The lens as claimed in claim 1 including at least two sets of electrodes, each set being arranged in a quadrupole arrangement.
14. The lens as claimed in claim 13 wherein at least two of the at least two sets of electrodes are arranged parallel relative to one another.
15. The lens as claimed in claim 13 wherein at least two of the at least two sets of electrodes are arranged serially relative to one another.
16. The lens as claimed in claim 13 wherein a first set of electrodes provides a pre-filter to a second set of electrodes.
17. The lens as claimed in claim 16 wherein the first set of electrodes are coupled to a RF supply only.
18. The lens as claim in claim 16 wherein the second set of electrodes is coupled to an RF and a DC supply.
19. The lens as claimed in claim 13 wherein a first set of electrodes provides a post-filter to a second set of electrodes.
20. The lens as claimed in claim 19 wherein the first set of electrodes are coupled to a RF supply only.
21. The lens as claim in claim 19 wherein the second set of electrodes is coupled to an RF and a DC supply.
22. The lens as claimed in claim 13 comprising three sets of electrodes, a first set providing a quadrupole, a second set providing a pre-filter to the quadrupole and a third set providing a post-filter to the quadrupole.
23. The lens as claim in claim 22 wherein each of the second and third sets of electrodes are coupled to an RF supply only and the first set of electrodes is coupled to an RF and DC supply.
24. The lens as claimed in claim 13 wherein each of the first set and second sets of electrodes are mountable on individual mounting members.
25. The lens as claimed in claim 13 wherein a first set of electrodes are mechanically contiguous with but electrically isolated from a second set of electrodes.
26. The lens as claimed in claim 1 wherein each of the mounting members is formed from a semiconducting material.
27. The lens as claimed in claim 26 wherein the semiconducting material is silicon.
28. The lens as claimed in claim 1 wherein the substrate is formed from a glass.
29. A quadrupole mass spectrometer comprising a quadrupole lens formed from first and second microfabricated mounts, each mount comprising an insulating substrate having formed thereon first and second mounting members configured to receive a first and second electrode respectively, the first and second mounting members being physically distinct from one another, the lens further comprising at least one spacer located between the first and second mounting members such that a received electrode passes through the at least one spacer wherein the at least one spacer comprises a pair of first and second spheres located on opposite side of the received electrode, the received electrode passing between each of the first and second spheres.
30. A microfabricated mass spectrometer formed from first and second microfabricated mounts, each mount comprising an insulating substrate having formed thereon first and second mounting members coupled to a first set of at least two electrodes defining a lens, the first and second mounting members being physically distinct from one another, the mass spectrometer further comprising a second set of at least four electrodes arranged in series with the first set of electrodes; the second set of electrodes being coupled to an RF supply only and the first set of electrodes being operable at both RF and DC voltages, the mass spectrometer further comprising a spacer formed from two spheres located between the first and second mounting members such that a received electrode passes through a space defined by the spheres of the spacer.