Friction fabrication tools
The present invention relates to tooling and methods for disposing, coating, building up, repairing, or otherwise modifying the surface of a metal substrate using frictional heating and compressive loading of a consumable metal material against the substrate. Embodiments of the invention include friction-based fabrication tooling comprising a non-consumable member with a throat and a consumable member disposed in the throat, wherein the throat is operably configured such that during rotation of the non-consumable member at a selected speed, the throat exerts normal forces on and rotates the consumable member at the selected speed; and comprising means for dispensing the consumable member through the throat and onto a substrate using frictional heating and compressive loading. Embodiments of the invention also include fabrication methods using the tools described herein.
1. A friction-based coated substrate fabrication method comprising:
compressive loading of a coating material against a surface of a substrate using a tool with a shoulder and throat, wherein the shoulder comprises a surface;
frictional heating of the coating material on the substrate surface using the tool, which has a throat shaped to exert normal forces on the coating material disposed therein, to rotate the coating material with the tool at an effective speed;
translation of the tool relative to the substrate surface; and
trapping the coating material in a volume between the substrate surface and the shoulder surface and shearing of the coating material by contact with the shoulder surface to form and deposit a coating on the substrate surface.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the throat of the tool is shaped with a non-circular cross-sectional shape.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the throat of the tool is shaped to exert normal forces on a solid, powder, or powder-filled tube type coating material disposed therein.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the frictional heating and compressive loading are of a degree sufficient to enable mixing of dispensed coating material with material of the substrate at a coating-substrate interface.