Polymerisable mass with cross-linking nanoparticles
View Patent ↗The invention relates to a polymerizable composition containing: a) acrylates and/or methacrylates which have a glass transition temperature T g of 0° C. or less, b) from 0.5 to 70% by weight of SiO 2 particles which have an average particle size of from 1 to 150 nm and have polymerizable groups on the surface and are present in dispersed form in the acrylates and/or methacrylates, with at least 50% of the SiO 2 particles being individual unaggregated or unagglomerated primary particles, where the composition contains not more than 2% by weight of crosslinker molecules.
1. A polymerizable composition comprising:
a) acrylates and/or methacrylates which have a glass transition temperature T g of 0° C. or less,
b) from 0.5 to 70% by weight of SiO 2 particles which have an average particle size of from 1 to 150 nm and have polymerizable groups on the surface and are present in dispersed form in the acrylates and/or methacrylates, with at least 50% of the SiO 2 particles being individual, unaggregated or unagglomerated primary particles,
c) not more than 2% by weight of crosslinker molecules.
2. The polymerizable composition according to claim 1 , wherein the average particle size of the SiO 2 particles is from 2 to 100 nm.
3. The polymerizable composition according to claim 1 , wherein the average particle size of the SiO 2 particles is from 3 to 75 nm.
4. The polymerizable composition according to claim 1 , wherein the average particle size of the SiO 2 particles is from 4 to 50 nm.
5. The polymerizable composition according to claim 1 , wherein the average particle size of the SiO 2 particles is from 5 to 30 nm.
6. The polymerizable composition according to claim 1 , wherein the average particle size of the SiO 2 particles is not more than 25 nm.
7. The polymerizable composition according to claim 1 , wherein the average particle size of the SiO 2 particles is not more than 20 nm.
8. The polymerizable composition according to claim 1 , wherein at least 70% of the SiO 2 particles are individual, unaggregated or unagglomerated primary particles.
9. The polymerizable composition according to claim 1 , wherein at least 80% of the SiO 2 particles are individual, unaggregated or unagglomerated primary particles.
10. The polymerizable composition according to claim 1 , wherein at least 90% of the SiO 2 particles are individual, unaggregated or unagglomerated primary particles.
11. The polymerizable composition according to claim 1 , wherein the acrylate is butyl acrylate.
12. The polymerizable composition according to claim 1 , wherein the polymerizable groups on the surface of the SiO 2 particles comprise methacryloyl, acryloyl, styryl, itaconyl, crotonyl, vinyl, allyl and/or alkenyl groups.
13. The polymerizable composition according to claim 1 , wherein at least two different polymerizable groups are present on the surface of the SiO 2 particles.
14. The polymerizable composition according to claim 13 , wherein the at least two different polymerizable groups comprise a first polymerizable group selected from methacryloyl, acryloyl, styryl or itaconyl groups, and a second polymerizable group selected from vinyl, allyl, alkenyl or crotonyl groups.
15. The polymerizable composition according to claim 14 , wherein a proportion of methacryloyl, acryloyl, styryl or itaconyl groups among the polymerizable groups on the surface is from 95 to 5% and a proportion of the vinyl, allyl, alkenyl or crotonyl groups among the polymerizable groups on the surface is from 5 to 95%.
16. The polymerizable composition according to claim 1 , wherein the surface of the SiO 2 particles has from 0.01 to 6 polymerizable groups per nm 2 .
17. The polymerizable composition according to claim 1 , wherein the surface of the SiO 2 particles has from 0.02 to 4 polymerizable groups per nm 2 .
18. The polymerizable composition according to claim 1 , wherein a proportion of crosslinker molecules is not more than 1% by weight.
19. The polymerizable composition according to claim 1 , wherein a proportion of crosslinker molecules is not more than 0.5% by weight.
20. The polymerizable composition according to claim 1 , wherein a proportion of crosslinker molecules is not more than 0.2% by weight.
21. The polymerizable composition according to claim 1 , further comprising oligomers and/or prepolymers, wherein the proportion of the oligomers and/or prepolymers, based on a total mass of the acrylates and/or methacrylates, is 20% by weight or less.
22. The polymerizable composition according to claim 1 , wherein the content of SiO 2 particles is from 4 to 50% by weight.
23. The polymerizable composition according to claim 1 , wherein the SiO 2 particles is from 5 to 30% by weight.
24. The polymerizable composition according to claim 1 , wherein the content of SiO 2 particles is from 8 to 25% by weight.
25. A composition comprising a polymeric material obtained by curing the polymerizable composition according to claim 1 .
26. The composition according to claim 25 , wherein the polymeric material is a cast polymer or an acrylate rubber.
27. The composition according to claim 25 , wherein at a temperature of 50° C. above the glass transition temperature T g said composition has an elongation at break at a tensile force F max of 0.5 MPa or more of at least 20%.
28. The composition according to claim 25 , wherein at a temperature of 50° C. above the glass transition temperature T g said composition has an elongation at break at a tensile force F max of 0.5 MPa or more of at least 30%.
29. The composition according to claim 25 , wherein at a temperature of 50° C. above the glass transition temperature T g said composition has an elongation at break at a tensile force F max of 0.5 MPa or more of at least 50%.
30. The compositoin according to claim 25 , wherein at a temperature of 50° C. above the glass transition temperature T g said composition has an elongation at break at a tensile force F max of 0.5 MPa or more of at least 100%.
31. A composition comprising an impact modifier for polymers, said impact modifier comprising core-shell particles
wherein the core comprises a cured polymerizable composition according to claim 1 , and wherein the shell comprises an acrylate and/or methacrylate shell which is essentially free of SiO 2 particles and is grafted onto the core.
32. The composition of claim 31 , wherein the shell comprises PMMA.
33. The composition according to claim 31 , wherein an average particle size of the core-shell particles is from 0.05 to 10 μm.
34. The composition according to claim 31 , wherein an average particle size of the core-shell particles is from 0.1 to 8 μm.
35. The composition according to claim 31 , wherein an average particle size of the core-shell particles is from 0.2 to 5 μm.
36. The composition according to claim 31 , wherein an average particle size of the core-shell particles is from 0.2 to 2 μm.
37. The composition according to claim 31 , wherein an average particle size of the core-shell particles is from 0.3 to 1 μm.