Tunable capacitor
The invention relates to electronic device having an operation temperature range, wherein the electronic device comprises a tunable capacitor (CST) comprising a first electrode (BE), a second electrode (TE), and a dielectric (FEL) arranged between the first electrode (BE) and the second electrode (TE). The dielectric (FEL) comprises dielectric material (FEL) having a value of a relative dielectric constant (∈ r ) varying at least within the operation temperature range. The electronic device further comprises a temperature varying means (RES) being thermally coupled to the tunable capacitor for providing a temperature of the dielectric (FEL) causing a predetermined capacitance of the tunable capacitor (CST). The invention, which relies on the idea of varying temperature to vary a capacitance of a capacitor stack, provides an alternative tunable capacitor type for the known types. Advantageous embodiments feature high-tuning ratio, small device area, and stable capacitance value in case the temperature is well controlled. The invention further relates to a semiconductor device comprising the electronic device in accordance with the invention, to an electronic circuit comprising such electronic device, and to a method of manufacturing such electronic device.
1. An electronic device having an operation temperature range, the electronic device comprising:
a tunable capacitor comprising a first electrode, a second electrode, and a dielectric arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the dielectric comprises dielectric material having a value of a relative dielectric constant varying at least within the operation temperature range;
a temperature varying means being thermally coupled to the tunable capacitor for controlling the temperature of the dielectric thereby causing a predetermined capacitance of the tunable capacitor, the temperature varying means including a resistive element for carrying current;
a controller being coupled to the resistive element and being arranged for controlling the temperature of the dielectric by steering the current through the resistive element; and
a temperature sensor for measuring an actual value of the temperature of the dielectric material, wherein the controller is arranged for receiving from the temperature sensor a temperature signal indicative of the actual value of the temperature, the controller being further arranged for receiving a desired temperature signal indicative for a desired temperature, and wherein the controller is arranged for controlling the temperature to decrease an absolute difference between the temperature signal and the desired temperature signal.
2. The electronic device as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising capacitance measurement circuitry for measuring an actual value of the capacitance, wherein the controller is arranged for receiving from the capacitance measurement circuitry a capacitance signal indicative for the actual value of the capacitance, the controller being further arranged for receiving a desired temperature signal indicative for a desired capacitance, and wherein the controller is arranged for controlling the temperature to decrease an absolute difference between the capacitance signal and the desired capacitance signal.
3. The electronic device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the dielectric comprises ferroelectric material which exhibits a phase transition from a ferroelectric phase to a paraelectric phase in a temperature range from −50° C. to 250° C.
4. The electronic device as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the ferroelectric material exhibits a phase transition from a ferroelectric phase to a paraelectric phase in a temperature range of 50° C. to 150° C.
5. The electronic device according to claim 1 , wherein the dielectric (FEL) comprises ferroelectric dielectric material (FEL) selected from one of a number of groups comprising: a tungsten-bronze group comprising K 3 Li 2 Nb 5 O 15 or Ba 2 NaNb 5 O 15 , a KDP group comprising KH 2 PO 4 , KD 2 PO 4 , RbH 2 PO 4 , or KH 2 AsO 4 , a LiNbO 3 group comprising LiNbO 3 or LiTaO 3 , and a Perovskite group comprising BaTiO 3 , PbTiO 3 , or KNbO 3 , and a Pb 5 Ge 3 O 11 group.
6. The electronic device according to claim 5 , wherein the dielectric material comprises material from the Perovskite group that complies with the following chemical formula: XYO 3 , wherein X comprises and least one of Ba, Pb, Sr, Ca, and wherein Y comprises at least one of Sn, Hr, Zr, Ce, Ti, and Th.
7. The electronic device according to claim 6 , wherein X comprises Ba 1-x-y Sr x Pb y with 0≦x<1, 0≦y≦1, x+y≦1.
8. The electronic device according to claim 6 , wherein Y comprises at least Ti 1-z Zr z with 0≦z≦1.
9. The electronic device as claimed in claim 1 , comprising a substrate with insulating material provided at a surface thereof, wherein the capacitor and the temperature varying means are arranged within the insulating material, and wherein the capacitor and the temperature varying means are thermally coupled to each other.
10. The electronic device as claimed in claim 9 , wherein the insulating material comprises a cavity in which the capacitor and the temperature varying means are both arranged.