COMPOSITIONS OBTAINED FROM CHLORELLA EXTRACT HAVING IMMUNOMODULATING PROPERTIES
The disclosed subject matter, in one aspect, relates to compounds and compositions {e.g., polysaccharides and polysaccharide complexes) and methods for providing and using such compounds and compositions. Disclosed are compositions comprising a polysaccharide or polysaccharide complex obtained from Chlorella , wherein the polysaccharide or polysaccharide complex has a molecular weight of from about 1×10 3 to about 1×10 6 Da. Also disclosed are methods of providing a polysaccharide or polysaccharide complex, comprising the steps of providing a Chlorella extract, contacting the extract with a solvent to provide a precipitate, contacting the precipitate with additional substances {e.g., a surfactant) and isolating an insoluble fraction, and size fractioning the insoluble fraction, thereby providing the polysaccharide or polysaccharide complex. Disclosed are also methods for using the disclosed polysaccharide and polysaccharide compositions.
1 . A polysaccharide or polysaccharide complex obtained from Chlorella , comprising:
i) at least one methylated phosphosaccharide unit having the formula:
3-O-methyl α-Manp-(1-PO 3 H→; or
ii) at least one phosphosaccharide unit having the formula:
α- D -Manp-(1-PO 3 H→;
wherein the polysaccharide or polysaccharide complex has a molecular weight of from about 1×10 3 to about 1×10 6 Da.
2 . The polysaccharide or polysaccharide complex of claim 1 , wherein the polysaccharide or polysaccharide complex is substantially free of sulfation.
3 . The polysaccharide or polysaccharide complex of claim 1 , wherein the polysaccharide or polysaccharide complex is substantially free of uronic acid residues.
4 . The polysaccharide or polysaccharide complex of claim 1 , wherein the polysaccharide or polysaccharide complex comprises repeating units of β- D -galactopyranosyl residues linked at O-3.
5 . The polysaccharide or polysaccharide complex of claim 1 , wherein the polysaccharide or polysaccharide complex comprises a 6-phosphorylated β- D -galactopyranosyl unit.
6 . The polysaccharide or polysaccharide complex of claim 1 , wherein the polysaccharide or polysaccharide complex comprises a β- D -glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β- D -galactopyranosyl-(1→.
7 . The polysaccharide or polysaccharide complex of claim 1 , comprising a polysaccharide according to FIG. 26 .
8 . The polysaccharide or polysaccharide complex of claim 1 , comprising a polysaccharide according to FIG. 27 .
9 . The polysaccharide or polysaccharide complex of claim 1 , comprising a polysaccharide according to FIG. 28 .
10 . The polysaccharide or polysaccharide complex of claim 1 , comprising a polysaccharide according to FIG. 29 .
11 . The polysaccharide or polysaccharide complex of claim 1 , comprising a polysaccharide according to FIG. 30 .
12 . The polysaccharide or polysaccharide complex of claim 1 , comprising a polysaccharide according to FIG. 31 .
13 . The polysaccharide or polysaccharide complex of claim 1 , comprising a polysaccharide according to FIG. 32 .
14 . The polysaccharide or polysaccharide complex of claim 1 , comprising a polysaccharide according to FIG. 33 .
15 . The polysaccharide or polysaccharide complex of claim 1 , comprising a polysaccharide according to FIG. 34 .
16 . The polysaccharide or polysaccharide complex of claim 1 , further comprising one or more proteins or nucleic acids that are associated with the polysaccharide or polysaccharide complex.
17 . The polysaccharide or polysaccharide complex of claim 1 , wherein the polysaccharide or polysaccharide complex are obtained from C. minutissima, C. marina, C. salina, C. vulgaris, C. anitrata, C. antarctica, C. autotrophica, C. regularis, C. ellipsoidea , or from a mixture thereof.
18 . The polysaccharide or polysaccharide complex of claim 1 , wherein the polysaccharide or polysaccharide complex are obtained from obtained from C. pyrenoidosa.
19 - 20 . (canceled)
21 . A supplemental nutritional composition comprising:
a) one or more polysaccharide or polysaccharide complexes, comprising:
i) at least one methylated phosphosaccharide unit having the formula:
3-O-methyl α-Manp-(1-PO 3 H→;
wherein the polysaccharide or polysaccharide complex has a molecular weight of from about 1×10 3 to about 1×10 6 Da; and
b) one or more comestible or nutritional ingredients.
22 - 38 . (canceled)
39 . The composition according to claim 21 , further comprising one or more sources of a carbohydrate, a fat, or nitrogen.
40 . The composition according to claim 21 , further comprising one or more supplements chosen from vitamin E, vitamin C, vitamin B, and folic acid
41 . The composition according claim 21 , further comprising one or more oils chosen from fish oil, algal oil, fungal oil, marine oil, Spirulina , and Echinacea.
42 . A method for preparing a polysaccharide or polysaccharide complex, comprising:
a) contacting a Chlorella extract with 95% ethanol to form a precipitate;
b) contacting the precipitate with an aqueous solution of a surfactant to form an insoluble fraction and isolating the insoluble fraction;
c) size fractionating the insoluble fraction by using a molecular weight fractionation range of from about 1×10 3 to about 1×10 5 Da; and
d) isolating one or more polysaccharide or polysaccharide complexes, comprising:
i) at least one methylated phosphosaccharide unit having the formula:
3-O-methyl α-Manp-(1-PO 3 H→; or
ii) at least one phosphosaccharide unit having the formula:
α- D -Manp-(1-PO 3 H→;
wherein the isolated polysaccharide or polysaccharide complex has a molecular weight of from about 1×10 3 to about 1×10 6 Da.
43 . The method according to claim 42 , wherein after step (b), the precipitate is decolorized.
44 . (canceled)
45 . The method according to claim 42 , wherein the surfactant is a quaternary ammonium compound.
46 . (canceled)
47 . (canceled)
48 . A composition comprising a polysaccharide or polysaccharide complex obtained from Chlorella by the method of claim 42 .
49 . A method of modulating an immune response in a subject, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a polysaccharide or polysaccharide complex obtained from Chlorella , comprising:
i) at least one methylated phosphosaccharide unit having the formula:
3-O-methyl α-Manp-(1-PO 3 H→; or
ii) at least one phosphosaccharide unit having the formula:
α- D -Manp-(1-PO 3 H→;
wherein the polysaccharide or polysaccharide complex has a molecular weight of from about 1×10 3 to about 1×10 6 Da.
50 . A method of treating bacterial or fungal infections in a subject, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a polysaccharide or polysaccharide complex obtained from Chlorella , comprising:
i) at least one methylated phosphosaccharide unit having the formula:
3-O-methyl α-Manp-(1-PO 3 H→; or
ii) at least one phosphosaccharide unit having the formula:
α- D -Manp-(1-PO 3 H→;
wherein the polysaccharide or polysaccharide complex has a molecular weight of from about 1×10 3 to about 1×10 6 Da.
51 . A method of vaccinating a subject, comprising administering to the subject a vaccine and an effective amount of a polysaccharide or polysaccharide complex obtained from Chlorella , comprising:
i) at least one methylated phosphosaccharide unit having the formula:
3-O-methyl α-Manp-(1-PO 3 H→; or
ii) at least one phosphosaccharide unit having the formula:
α- D -Manp-(1-PO 3 H→;
wherein the polysaccharide or polysaccharide complex has a molecular weight of from about 1×10 3 to about 1×10 6 Da.
52 - 54 . (canceled)