Method and appartus for extraction of plant embryos
The invention relates to rapid and efficient methods and apparatuses for displacing target plant materials from seeds. In one embodiment, the invention relates to methods and apparatuses for displacing embryos from maize seeds. In yet another embodiment, the displaced embryos can be propagated and regenerated into plants.
1. A method of embryo rescue for selecting transgenic trait introgression from two or more transgenes, the steps of the method comprising:
displacing embryos with a fluid stream from seeds, wherein said seeds were harvested between 8 to 20 days after pollination of a transformed plant,
growing the displaced embryos in a medium with at least two agents which select for transgenes, and
growing plants from rescued embryos, which embryos were not subjected to transformation, and having at least two transgenes introgressed.
2. The method according to claim 1 wherein the medium comprises glyphosate, glufosinate, and mannose.
3. The method according to claim 1 wherein an embryo without transgenes will not survive in the media.
4. The method according to claim 1 further comprising breeding with plants from rescued embryos comprising at least one of the following: a glyphosate resistant gene, a PMI gene, a Pat gene or Bar gene.
5. A method of selecting breeding material comprising the steps of
harvesting ears within at least one of 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 or 20 days after pollination,
extracting embryos from seed on said ears with an embryo extraction apparatus using a fluid stream,
germinating the displaced embryos,
growing seedlings from said displaced embryos wherein said embryos were not transformed, and
selecting a plant as breeding material.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein growing seedlings includes the use of a selection medium within 20 days after pollination.
7. The method of claim 5
wherein the method further comprises breeding, and
wherein from date of pollination to plants reaching anthesis, time to breeding is shortened by one to three weeks relative to a seed that is germinated into a seedling without having its embryo removed.
8. The method of claim 5 comprising the step of testing seedlings for genetic segregation or transgenes.
9. The method of claim 5 wherein the extracted embryo is haploid, and said embryo is placed in contact with a mitotic arrest agent, medium and/or plant hormones.
10. The method of claim 9 wherein said medium and/or plant hormones facilitate germination, growth and development of seedlings.