Microcapsules having multiple shells and method for the preparation thereof
Single-core and multi-core microcapsules are provided, having multiple shells, at least one of which is formed of a complex coacervate of two components of shell materials. The complex coacervate may be the same or different for each shell. Also provided are methods for making the microcapsules.
1. A microcapsule consisting essentially of:
(a) an agglomeration of primary microcapsules, each primary microcapsule comprising a loading substance and a first shell surrounding the loading substance;
(b) a second shell surrounding said agglomeration; and
(c) a third shell surrounding said second shell;
wherein the first shell and second shell are formed from a complex coacervate between gelatin A and polyphosphate and the third shell is formed from a different complex coacervate, wherein the loading substance comprises at least 50% of the total mass of the microcapsule, and wherein the third shell comprises an antioxidant.
2. The microcapsule according to claim 1 , wherein the third shell is formed from a complex coacervates comprising at least one polymer component selected from the group consisting of: a protein, a polyphosphate, a polysaccharide, gum arabic, alginate, chitosan, carrageenan, pectin, cellulose and cellulose derivatives.
3. The microcapsule according to claim 2 , wherein the protein is selected from the group consisting of gelatine type A, gelatine type B, soy protein, whey protein, milk protein, and combinations thereof.
4. The microcapsule according to claim 1 , further comprising at least one additional shell surrounding said third shell.
5. The microcapsule according to claim 4 , wherein said at least one additional shell surrounding said third shell comprises is formed from a complex coacervate.
6. The microcapsule according to claim 1 , wherein the second shell comprises an antioxidant.
7. The microcapsule according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of the second and third shells comprises one or more hydrophobic components selected from the group consisting of waxes, oils, resins, and fats.
8. The microcapsule according to claim 1 , wherein the third shell is cross-linked with an enzymatic cross-linker.
9. The microcapsule according to claim 1 , having an exterior average diameter of from about 1 μm to about 2000 μm, and wherein said first shells have an average diameter of from about 40 nm to about 10 μm.
10. The microcapsule according to claim 1 , wherein the loading substance comprises an omega-3 fatty acid, a derivative thereof, or mixture thereof.
11. The microcapsule according to claim 4 , wherein at least one additional shell comprises one or more hydrophobic components selected from the group consisting of waxes, oils, resins, and fats.