Inductor structure having increased inductance density and quality factor
Disclosed is an inductor structure. The inductor structure includes a base material, at least one bottom spiral conductor disposed on the base material, a middle spiral conductor disposed on the bottom spiral conductor, a top spiral conductor disposed on the middle spiral conductor, and dielectric material separating the bottom, middle and top spiral conductors. The at least one bottom spiral conductor is connected electrically in parallel to the middle spiral conductor and the middle spiral conductor is connected electrically in series to the top spiral conductor. The top spiral conductor is thicker, narrower and less tightly wound than the middle spiral conductor and the bottom spiral conductor.
1. An inductor structure comprising:
a base material;
at least one bottom spiral conductor disposed on the base material, the at least one bottom spiral conductor having a plurality of turns;
a middle spiral conductor disposed on the bottom spiral conductor, the middle spiral conductor having a plurality of turns;
a top spiral conductor disposed on the middle spiral conductor, the top spiral conductor having a plurality of turns; and
dielectric material separating the bottom, middle and top spiral conductors;
wherein the at least one bottom spiral conductor is connected electrically in parallel to the middle spiral conductor and the middle spiral conductor is connected electrically in series to the top spiral conductor; and
wherein the bottom spiral conductor, middle spiral conductor and top spiral conductor each comprises a conductor material that has a width in cross section of each turn of the bottom spiral conductor, middle spiral conductor and top spiral conductor and a turn to turn spacing measured in a direction parallel to the base material wherein the width of the conductor material of each turn of the bottom spiral conductor and the width of the conductor material of each turn of the middle spiral conductor is greater than the width of the conductor material of each turn of the top spiral conductor and wherein the turn to turn spacing of the bottom spiral conductor and the turn to turn spacing of the middle spiral conductor is smaller than or equal to the turn to turn spacing of the top spiral conductor.
2. The inductor structure of claim 1 further comprising vias and wherein the parallel and series connections are provided by the vias connecting the bottom, middle and top spiral conductors.
3. The inductor structure of claim 1 wherein the bottom spiral conductor, middle spiral conductor and top spiral conductor each have a thickness measured in a direction vertically from the base material such that the thickness of the bottom spiral conductor and the thickness of the middle spiral conductor is less than the thickness of the top spiral conductor.
4. The inductor structure of claim 1 wherein the bottom spiral conductor, middle spiral conductor and top spiral conductor each have a number of turns measured as the number of complete turns plus fractional turns in the spiral wherein the number of turns of the top spiral conductor is greater than or equal to the number of turns of the bottom spiral conductor and the number of turns of the middle spiral conductor.
5. The inductor structure of claim 1 wherein the bottom spiral conductor, middle spiral conductor and top spiral conductor each have a sheet resistance and the sheet resistance of the bottom spiral conductor and the sheet resistance of the middle spiral conductor is higher than the sheet resistance of the top spiral conductor.
6. The inductor structure of claim 5 wherein the bottom spiral conductor and middle spiral conductor comprise copper and the top spiral conductor comprises aluminum.
7. The inductor structure of claim 5 wherein the bottom spiral conductor. middle spiral conductor, and the top spiral conductor comprise copper.
8. The inductor structure of claim 1 wherein the base material is an insulating material.
9. The inductor structure of claim 1 wherein the base material is a semiconductor material.
10. The inductor structure of claim 1 wherein there are a plurality of bottom spiral conductor layers with the plurality of bottom spiral conductor layers being connected in parallel.
11. The inductor structure of claim 1 wherein there is at least one additional top spiral conductor connected in series to the top spiral conductor.
12. An inductor structure comprising:
a base material;
at least one bottom spiral conductor disposed on the base material, the at least one bottom spiral conductor having a plurality of turns;
a middle spiral conductor disposed on the bottom spiral conductor, the middle spiral conductor having a plurality of turns;
a top spiral conductor disposed on the middle spiral conductor, the top spiral conductor having a plurality of turns; and
dielectric material separating the bottom, middle and top spiral conductors;
wherein the at least one bottom spiral conductor is connected electrically in parallel to the middle spiral conductor and the middle spiral conductor is connected electrically in series to the top spiral conductor;
wherein the bottom spiral conductor, middle spiral conductor and top spiral conductor each have a thickness measured in a vertical direction from the base material such that the thickness of the bottom spiral conductor and the thickness of the middle spiral conductor is less than the top spiral conductor; and
wherein the bottom spiral conductor, middle spiral conductor and top spiral conductor each have a sheet resistance and the sheet resistance of the bottom spiral conductor and the sheet resistance of the middle spiral conductor is higher than the sheet resistance of the top spiral conductor; and
wherein the bottom spiral conductor, middle spiral conductor and top spiral conductor each comprise a conductor material that has a width in cross section of each turn of the bottom spiral conductor, middle spiral conductor and top spiral conductor and a turn to turn spacing measured in a direction parallel to the base material wherein the width of the conductor material of each turn of the bottom spiral conductor and the width of the conductor material of each turn of the middle spiral conductor is greater than the width of the conductor material of each turn of the top spiral conductor and wherein the turn to turn spacing of the bottom spiral conductor and the turn to turn spacing of the middle spiral conductor is smaller than or equal to the turn to turn spacing of the top spiral conductor.
13. The inductor structure of claim 12 further comprising vias and wherein the parallel and series connections are provided by the vias connecting the bottom, middle and top spiral conductors.
14. The inductor structure of claim 12 wherein the bottom spiral conductor, middle spiral conductor and top spiral conductor each have a number of turns measured as the number of complete turns plus fractional turns in the spiral wherein the number of turns of the top spiral conductor is greater than or equal to the number of turns of the bottom spiral conductor and the number of turns of the middle spiral conductor.
15. The inductor structure of claim 12 wherein the bottom spiral conductor and middle spiral conductor comprise copper and the top spiral conductor comprises aluminum.
16. The inductor structure of claim 12 wherein the bottom spiral conductor. middle spiral conductor, and the top spiral conductor comprises copper.
17. The inductor structure of claim 12 wherein the base material is an insulating material.
18. The inductor structure of claim 12 wherein the base material is a semiconductor material.
19. The inductor structure of claim 12 wherein there are a plurality of bottom spiral conductor layers with the plurality of bottom spiral conductor layers being connected electrically in parallel.
20. The inductor structure of claim 12 wherein there is at least one additional top spiral conductor connected in series to the top spiral conductor.
21. The inductor structure of claim 12 wherein the at least one bottom spiral conductor and middle spiral conductor form a first group of spiral conductors connected in series to the top spiral conductor and further comprising at least one additional group comprising at least one bottom spiral conductor and a middle spiral conductor, the at least one additional group connected electrically to the first group in series.