Patient selectable joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
View Patent ↗Disclosed herein are methods, compositions and tools for repairing articular surfaces repair materials and for repairing an articular surface. The articular surface repairs are customizable or highly selectable by patient and geared toward providing optimal fit and function. The surgical tools are designed to be customizable or highly selectable by patient to increase the speed, accuracy and simplicity of performing total or partial arthroplasty.
1. A patient-specific surgical tool for use in surgery on a hip joint of a patient, comprising:
a block having a patient specific surface and a guide;
the patient specific surface being substantially a negative of a corresponding surface portion of the hip joint that includes an osteophyte, wherein the patient specific surface is configured to engage and has a shape that matches at least a portion of the osteophyte;
the guide being sized to accommodate a surgical instrument and have a position and orientation relative to the patient-specific surface to provide a predetermined path for the surgical instrument that is aligned through a portion of tissue of the hip joint.
2. The surgical tool of claim 1 , wherein the surgical tool is configured such that the patient specific surface substantially does not engage a second osteophyte when the patient specific surface is engaged and aligned with the corresponding surface portion.
3. The surgical tool of claim 2 , wherein the patient specific surgical tool is configured such that the patient specific surface extends over but does not engage the second osteophyte when the patient specific surface is engaged and aligned with the corresponding surface portion.
4. The surgical tool of claim 2 , wherein the patient specific surgical tool is configured such that the patient specific surface extends over but substantially does not engage the second osteophyte when the patient specific surface is engaged and aligned with the corresponding surface portion.
5. The surgical tool of claim 1 , wherein the patient specific surface substantially engages an entire osteophyte.
6. The surgical tool of claim 1 , wherein the patient specific surface substantially engages an entire portion of a surface of an osteophyte.
7. The surgical tool of claim 1 , wherein the surgical instrument is at least one of a drill or saw.
8. The surgical tool of claim 1 , wherein the surgical instrument is a at least one of a burr or reamer.
9. The surgical tool of claim 1 , further comprising an attachment mechanism.
10. The surgical tool of claim 9 , further comprising a surgical device for use with the block and connectable to the block by the attachment mechanism.
11. The surgical tool of claim 1 , wherein the tool is comprised of multiple components.
12. The surgical tool of claim 1 , wherein the block containing the patient-specific surface and the guide is a single component.
13. The surgical tool of claim 1 , wherein the surface of the joint is a femoral surface of the hip joint of the patient and the guide is configured to define a cutting path through a femoral surface when the patient specific surface is engaged and aligned with the corresponding surface.
14. The surgical tool of claim 13 , wherein the cutting path is configured to extend through a portion of a femoral head when the patient specific surface is engaged and aligned with the corresponding surface portion of the joint.
15. The surgical tool of claim 14 , wherein the cutting path is configured to extend through at least a portion of a femoral neck when the patient specific surface is engaged and aligned with the corresponding surface portion of the joint.
16. The surgical tool of claim 14 , wherein the cutting path is configured to extend along a femoral neck axis when the patient specific surface is engaged and aligned with the corresponding surface portion of the hip joint.
17. The surgical tool of claim 16 , wherein the cutting path is configured to extend along an axis that extends through a femoral head and next of the hip joint when the patient specific surface is engaged and aligned with the corresponding surface portion of the hip joint.
18. The surgical tool of claim 1 , wherein the surface of the joint is a surface an acetabulum of the patient and the guide defines an axis through at least a portion of the acetabulum.
19. The surgical tool of claim 18 , wherein the guide defines a path having a predetermined orientation relative to the acetabulum of the hip joint.
20. The surgical tool of claim 1 , wherein the surface of the joint is a surface an acetabular rim of the patient.
21. The surgical tool of claim 20 , wherein the guide defines a path having a predetermined orientation relative to the acetabulum of the hip joint.
22. The surgical tool of claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of guides.
23. The surgical tool of claim 1 , wherein the tool is configured to resist movement when the patient specific surface is placed against a surface of the joint.
24. The surgical tool of claim 1 , wherein the tool is configured to resist rotation in at least one axis when the patient specific surface is placed against a surface of the joint.
25. The surgical tool of claim 1 , wherein the guide defines a predetermined path oriented relative to a mechanical axis of the hip joint when the patient specific surface is placed against and aligned with the corresponding surface portion of the hip joint.
26. The surgical tool of claim 1 , wherein the guide defines a predetermined path oriented relative to an anatomical axis of the hip joint when the patient specific surface is placed against and aligned with the corresponding surface portion of the hip joint.
27. The surgical tool of claim 1 , wherein the surface of the joint includes portions of at least one of a femoral head and neck.
28. The surgical tool of claim 1 , wherein the surface of the joint includes portions of at least one of an acetabulum or an acetabular rim.
29. The surgical tool of claim 1 , wherein the guide includes a stop to control the depth of the path of the surgical instrument.
30. A surgical tool for use in surgically repairing a hip joint of a patient, comprising:
a block having a patient specific surface and a guide;
the patient specific surface having a first portion that is substantially a negative of a cartilage surface of the joint and a second portion that is substantially a negative of and is configured to engage and has a shape that matches at least a portion an osteophyte of the hip joint;
the guide shaped to accommodate a surgical instrument for cutting or drilling or reaming or burring and have a position and orientation relative to the patient specific surface to provide a predetermined path for the surgical instrument that is aligned through a portion of bone of the hip joint.
31. A surgical tool for use in surgically repairing a hip joint of a patient, comprising:
a block having a patient specific surface and a guide;
the patient specific surface having a first portion that is substantially a negative of at least a portion of surface of an acetabular rim of the hip joint including an osteophyte, wherein the patient specific surface is configured to engage and has a shape that matches at least a portion of the osteophyte;
the guide shaped to accommodate a surgical instrument for cutting or drilling and have a position and orientation relative to the patient specific surface to provide a predetermined path for the surgical instrument that is aligned through a portion of bone of the hip joint.
32. A system including a surgical tool for use in surgically repairing a joint of a patient, the surgical tool comprising:
a block having a patient specific surface and a guide to accommodate a surgical instrument,
the patient specific surface having at least a portion that is substantially a negative of a hip joint surface of the patient that includes an osteophyte, wherein the patient specific surface is configured to engage and has a shape that matches at least a portion of the osteophyte;
the guide having a position and orientation relative to the patient specific surface to provide a predetermined path for cutting or drilling when the patient specific surface is placed against the joint surface of the patient such that the guide has a predetermined alignment relative to an anatomical or biomechanical axis of the patient's hip joint, and
one or more hip implant components.
33. The system of claim 32 , wherein the tool is configured to resist movement when the patient specific surface is placed against the joint surface.
34. The system of claim 32 , wherein the tool is configured to resist rotation in at least one axis when the patient specific surface is placed against the joint surface.
35. The system of claim 32 , wherein the joint surface of the patient further includes a cartilage surface.
36. The system of claim 32 , wherein the joint surface of the patient further includes a bone surface.
37. The system of claim 32 , wherein the joint surface of the patient further includes a subchondral bone surface.
38. The system of claim 32 , wherein the joint surface of the patient further includes a cortical bone surface.