Method and apparatus for treating a cellulosic feedstock
Methods and apparatus for treating, pre-treating, preparing and conveying a cellulosic feedstock, such as for ethanol production, are disclosed. More specifically, the invention relates to methods and apparatus for treating a cellulosic feedstock by mixing and heating the cellulosic feedstock and/or by moistening and heating the cellulosic feedstock. The invention also relates to a holding tank, and a method of utilizing the holding tank whereby bridging may be reduced or eliminated and may result in a product stream from autohydrolysis or hydrolysis having an improved yield. The invention further relates to methods and apparatus for obtaining and conveying a cellulosic feedstock, which may be used for the subsequent production of a fermentable sugar stream from the cellulose and hemicellulose in the cellulosic feedstock wherein the fermentable sugar stream may be used for subsequent ethanol production. The invention also relates to a method and apparatus for withdrawing one or more feedstock stream from a holding tank.
1. A method for treating a cellulosic feedstock comprising:
a) conveying the cellulosic feedstock having a moisture content through an enclosed volume;
b) adding moisture to the cellulosic feedstock simultaneously at multiple spaced-apart moisture injection points as the cellulosic feedstock travels through the volume to produce a moistened feedstock having a moisture content of from about 30% to about 60% by weight;
c) heating the cellulosic feedstock as it travels through the volume and obtaining a heated moistened feedstock having a temperature of from about 50° C. to about 70° C. and having a relatively uniform temperature and moisture profile;
d) subsequently subjecting the heated moistened feedstock to a downstream hydrolysis process in a steam explosion reactor to obtain an activated feedstock;
e) subjecting the activated feedstock to an enzyme hydrolysis process to generate monomeric sugars; and
g) subjecting the monomeric sugars to fermentation to generate ethanol.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the volume comprises an impregnation chamber defined by chamber walls having an inner surface, and the impregnation chamber extends longitudinally along an axial length from an inlet to an outlet, and the cellulosic feedstock is urged through the chamber by a conveyance member.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein step (b) comprises adding moisture to increase the moisture content of the cellulosic feedstock from about 5-15 wt % to about 45-55 wt %.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the plurality of injection points comprises a plurality of ports extending through the chamber wall commencing proximate the inlet and the method further comprising introducing moisture to the cellulosic feedstock at least during its initial travel through the impregnation chamber.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the injection points are provided in a first third of the axial length of the impregnation chamber.
6. The method of claim 3 , further comprising adding heated water as at least part of the moisture.
7. The method of claim 3 , further comprising adding a catalyst with the moisture.
8. The method of claim 3 , wherein step (c) comprises heating the cellulosic feedstock from less than about 30° Celsius at the inlet, to from about 50° to about 65° Celsius at the outlet.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein step (c) comprises heating the moisture prior to contacting the moisture with the feedstock.
10. The method of claim 2 , wherein step (c) comprises indirectly heating the cellulosic feedstock by heating at least one of the chamber walls and the conveyance member.
11. The method of claim 2 , wherein the conveyance member extends longitudinally through the impregnation chamber and is configured to urge the cellulosic feedstock axially through the impregnation chamber as the conveyance member rotates.
12. The method of claim 2 , wherein the conveyance member comprises a rotary shaft extending longitudinally through the impregnation chamber and a plurality of paddles extending radially outwardly from the shaft, and the method further comprises rotating the shaft to urge the cellulosic feedstock axially through the impregnation chamber.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the conveyance member includes moisture injection points and the method further comprises introducing moisture to the volume as the conveyance member rotates.
14. The method of claim 12 , wherein the conveyance member includes a fluid conduit extending longitudinally through the shaft and a plurality of paddle ducts in communication with the fluid conduit and extending through the paddle to an outer surface thereof, and wherein the step of adding moisture to the cellulosic feedstock comprises injecting moisture into the feedstock through the paddle ducts.
15. The method of claim 2 , wherein the conveyance member comprises a rotary shaft extending longitudinally through the impregnation chamber and a plurality of paddles extending radially outwardly from the shaft and the paddles are relative to the impregnation chamber to sweep at least a lower circumferential portion of the inner surface of the chamber walls when the feedstock is conveyed through the chamber.
16. The method of claim 2 , wherein the conveyance member comprises a rotary shaft extending longitudinally through the impregnation chamber and a plurality of paddles extending radially outwardly from the shaft and the paddles are spaced and configured such that the lower circumferential portion of the chamber is swept along generally the entire axial length of the chamber as the feedstock is conveyed through the chamber.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein in the volume the cellulosic feedstock has a residence time of less than about ten minutes.
18. The method of claim 1 , further comprising monitoring the moisture content of the cellulosic feedstock as it passes through the enclosed volume and the amount of moisture that is added is controlled to produce the heated moistened feedstock.
19. The method of claim 1 , further comprising providing a feedstock having a moisture content of less than about 45 wt % comprising fibers that have a length in the range of about 4 mm to about 7 mm.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein the moisture content of the cellulosic feedstock is from about 5% to about 45% by weight.
21. A method for treating a cellulosic feedstock comprising:
a) conveying the cellulosic feedstock having a moisture content through an enclosed volume, wherein the enclosed volume comprises (i) a shell defining a treatment chamber having a lower inner surface, the shell having an inlet and an outlet spaced longitudinally apart from the inlet to define an axial length, (ii) a conveyance member housed within the shell and configured to sweep the lower inner surface and, (iii) a plurality of injection ports provided in at least one of the shell and the conveyance member;
b) adding moisture to the cellulosic feedstock simultaneously at multiple spaced-apart moisture injection points as the cellulosic feedstock travels through the volume to produce a moistened feedstock having a moisture content of from about 30% to about 60% by weight;
c) heating the cellulosic feedstock as it travels through the volume and obtaining a heated moistened feedstock having a temperature of from about 50° C. to about 70° C. and having a relatively uniform temperature and moisture profile;
d) subsequently subjecting the heated moistened feedstock to a downstream hydrolysis process in a steam explosion reactor to obtain an activated feedstock;
e) subjecting the activated feedstock to an enzyme hydrolysis process to generate monomeric sugars; and
g) subjecting the monomeric sugars to fermentation to generate ethanol.
22. The method of claim 21 , wherein the volume comprises an impregnation chamber defined by chamber walls having an inner surface, and the impregnation chamber extends longitudinally along an axial length from an inlet to an outlet, and the cellulosic feedstock is urged through the chamber by a conveyance member.
23. The method of claim 21 , wherein step (b) comprises adding moisture to increase the moisture content of the cellulosic feedstock from about 5-15 wt % to about 45-55 wt %.
24. The method of claim 15 , wherein the plurality of injection points comprises a plurality of ports extending through the chamber wall commencing proximate the inlet and the method further comprising introducing moisture to the cellulosic feedstock at least during its initial travel through the impregnation chamber.
25. The method of claim 24 , wherein the injection points are provided in a first third of the axial length of the impregnation chamber.
26. The method of claim 23 , further comprising adding heated water as at least part of the moisture.
27. The method of claim 23 , further comprising adding a catalyst with the moisture.
28. The method of claim 23 , wherein step (c) comprises heating the cellulosic feedstock from less than about 30° Celsius at the inlet, to from about 50° to about 65° Celsius at the outlet.
29. The method of claim 21 , wherein step (c) comprises heating the moisture prior to contacting the moisture with the feedstock.
30. The method of claim 15 , wherein step (c) comprises indirectly heating the cellulosic feedstock by heating at least one of the chamber walls and the conveyance member.
31. The method of claim 15 , wherein the conveyance member extends longitudinally through the impregnation chamber and is configured to urge the cellulosic feedstock axially through the impregnation chamber as the conveyance member rotates.
32. The method of claim 15 , wherein the conveyance member comprises a rotary shaft extending longitudinally through the impregnation chamber and a plurality of paddles extending radially outwardly from the shaft, and the method further comprises rotating the shaft to urge the cellulosic feedstock axially through the impregnation chamber.
33. The method of claim 31 , wherein the conveyance member includes moisture injection points and the method further comprises introducing moisture to the volume as the conveyance member rotates.
34. The method of claim 32 , wherein the conveyance member includes a fluid conduit extending longitudinally through the shaft and a plurality of paddle ducts in communication with the fluid conduit and extending through the paddle to an outer surface thereof, and wherein the step of adding moisture to the cellulosic feedstock comprises injecting moisture into the feedstock through the paddle ducts.
35. The method of claim 15 , wherein the conveyance member comprises a rotary shaft extending longitudinally through the impregnation chamber and a plurality of paddles extending radially outwardly from the shaft and the paddles are relative to the impregnation chamber to sweep at least a lower circumferential portion of the inner surface of the chamber walls when the feedstock is conveyed through the chamber.
36. The method of claim 15 , wherein the conveyance member comprises a rotary shaft extending longitudinally through the impregnation chamber and a plurality of paddles extending radially outwardly from the shaft and the paddles are spaced and configured such that the lower circumferential portion of the chamber is swept along generally the entire axial length of the chamber as the feedstock is conveyed through the chamber.
37. The method of claim 21 , wherein in the volume the cellulosic feedstock has a residence time of less than about ten minutes.
38. The method of claim 21 , further comprising monitoring the moisture content of the cellulosic feedstock as it passes through the enclosed volume and the amount of moisture that is added is controlled to produce the heated moistened feedstock.
39. The method of claim 21 , further comprising providing a feedstock having a moisture content of less than about 45 wt % comprising fibers that have a length in the range of about 4 mm to about 7 mm.
40. The method of claim 21 , wherein the moisture content of the cellulosic feedstock is from about 5% to about 45% by weight.