Stable bio-oil
View Patent ↗More stable and valuable bio-oil compositions produced from biomasses are provided. Particularly, various embodiments of the present invention provide for a bio-oil composition that has chemical and physical properties that make it more cost effective and useful as a fuel without having to undergo deoxygenating processes such as hydrotreating.
1. A thermally stable bio-oil composition derived from a cellulosic biomass, wherein said bio-oil composition:
(a) has an oxygen content no greater than about 30 weight percent,
(b) has a water content of less than about 6 weight percent,
(c) has a Conradson Carbon number of less than about 25 weight percent, and
(d) has a total acid number no greater than about 30 mgKOH/g.
2. The bio-oil composition of claim 1 wherein said oxygen content of said bio-oil composition is from 5 weight percent to 30 weight percent.
3. The bio-oil composition of claim 2 wherein said oxygen content of said bio-oil composition is from 6 weight percent to 20 weight percent.
4. The bio-oil composition of claim 3 wherein said oxygen content of said bio-oil composition is from 7 weight percent to 15 weight percent.
5. The bio-oil composition of claim 1 wherein said Conradson Carbon number is less than 22 weight percent.
6. The bio-oil composition of claim 1 having a total acid number of less than 20 mgKOH/g.
7. The bio-oil composition of claim 1 wherein said water content of the bio-oil composition is from 1 to 5 weight percent.
8. The bio-oil composition of claim 1 wherein said water content of the bio-oil composition is from 1 to 4 weight percent.
9. The bio-oil composition of claim 1 having the further characteristic of being substantially free of carboxylic acids.
10. The bio-oil composition of claim 9 wherein said carboxylic acid content is below about 2000 ppm.
11. The bio-oil composition of claim 1 containing less than about 6 weight percent of compounds having a carbonyl group.
12. The bio-oil composition of claim 11 containing less than about 4 weight percent of compounds having a carbonyl group.
13. The bio-oil composition, of claim 1 wherein said bio-oil composition is derived from the thermochemical conversion of said cellulosic biomass in the presence of a catalyst.
14. The bio-oil composition of claim 13 wherein said bio-oil composition is derived from said cellulosic biomass without an oxygen-removing hydrotreatment step.
15. The bio-oil composition of claim 14 wherein said cellulosic biomass is a lignocellulosic biomass.
16. The bio-oil composition of claim 1 wherein said bio-oil composition is derived from said cellulosic biomass without an oxygen-removing hydrotreatment step.
17. The bio-oil composition of claim 1 wherein said cellulosic biomass is a lignocellulosic biomass.
18. The bio-oil composition of claim 1 having a stability parameter of less than 30 cp/h.
19. The bio-oil composition of claim 1 having a stability parameter no greater than 15 cp/h.
20. The bio-oil composition of claim 1 having a stability parameter less than 1 cp/h.
21. A thermally stable bio-oil composition derived from a cellulosic biomass, wherein said bio-oil composition:
(a) has an oxygen content of from 7 to 15 weight percent,
(b) has a water content from 1 to 4 weight percent,
(c) has a carboxylic acid content of less about 2000 ppm,
(d) contains less than about 4 weight percent of compounds having a carbonyl group,
(e) has a Conradson Carbon number of less than 22 weight percent, and
(f) has a total acid number of less than about 20 mgKOH/g.
22. The bio-oil composition of claim 21 wherein said bio-oil composition is derived from the thermochemical conversion of said cellulosic biomass in the presence of a catalyst.
23. The bio-oil composition of claim 22 wherein said bio-oil composition is derived from said cellulosic biomass without an oxygen-removing hydrotreatment step.
24. The bio-oil composition of claim 23 wherein said cellulosic biomass is a lignocellulosic biomass.
25. The bio-oil composition of claim 24 having a stability parameter of less than 30 cp/h.
26. The bio-oil composition of claim 25 wherein the stability parameter is no greater than 15 cp/h.
27. The bio-oil composition of claim 26 wherein the stability parameter is less than 1 cp/h.
28. A bio-oil composition derived from a cellulosic biomass wherein said bio-oil composition is produced by a process comprising:
(a) converting at least a portion of said cellulosic biomass material in an oxygen-poor environment in the presence of a catalyst material at a temperature in the range of from about 200° C. to about 1000° C. to produce a reaction product stream containing said bio-oil composition; and
(b) separating said bio-oil composition from said reaction product stream such that said bio-oil composition (i) has an oxygen content no greater than about 30 weight percent, (ii) has a water content of less than about 6 weight percent, (iii) has a Conradson Carbon number of less than about 25 weight percent, and (iv) has a total acid number no greater than about 30 mgKOH/g, and wherein characteristics (i)-(iv) are achieved without an oxygen-removing hydrotreatment step.
29. The bio-oil composition of claim 28 wherein said cellulosic biomass is a lignocellulosic biomass.
30. The bio-oil composition of claim 28 wherein the conversion of step (a) occurs in less than 10 seconds.
31. The bio-oil composition of claim 28 wherein said oxygen content of said bio-oil composition is from 5 weight percent to 30 weight percent.
32. The bio-oil composition of claim 31 wherein said oxygen content of said bio-oil composition is from 6 weight percent to 20 weight percent.
33. The bio-oil composition of claim 32 wherein said oxygen content of said bio-oil composition is from 7 weight percent to 15 weight percent.
34. The bio-oil composition of claim 28 wherein said Conradson Carbon number is less than 22 weight percent.
35. The bio-oil composition of claim 28 having a total acid number of less than 20 mgKOH/g.
36. The bio-oil composition of claim 28 wherein said water content of said bio-oil composition is from 1 to 5 weight percent.
37. The bio-oil composition of claim 36 wherein said water content of said bio-oil composition is from 1 to 4 weight percent.
38. The bio-oil composition of claim 28 having the further characteristic of being substantially free of carboxylic acids.
39. The bio-oil composition of claim 38 wherein said carboxylic acid content is below about 2000 ppm.
40. The bio-oil composition of claim 28 containing less than about 6 weight percent of compounds having a carbonyl group.
41. The bio-oil composition of claim 40 containing less than about 4 weight percent of compounds having a carbonyl group.
42. The bio-oil composition of claim 28 having a stability parameter of less than 30 cp/h.
43. The bio-oil composition of claim 42 wherein the stability parameter is no greater than 15 cp/h.
44. The bio-oil composition of claim 43 wherein, the stability parameter is less than 1 cp/h.
45. A bio-oil composition derived from a lignocellulosic biomass wherein said bio-oil composition is produced by a process comprising:
(a) converting in less than 10 seconds at least a portion of said lignocellulosic biomass material in an oxygen-poor environment in the presence of a catalyst material at a temperature in the range of from about 200° C. to about 1000° C. to produce a reaction product stream containing said bio-oil composition; and
(b) separating said bio-oil composition from said reaction product stream such that said bio-oil composition (i) has an oxygen content from 7 to 15 weight percent, (ii) has a water content of from 1 to 4 weight percent, (iii) has a carboxylic acid content of less than about 2000 ppm, (iv) contains less than about 4 weight percent of compounds having a carbonyl group, (v) has a Conradson Carbon number of less than 22 weight percent, and (vi) has a total acid number of less than about 20 mgKOH/g, (vii) has a stability parameter of less than 1 cp/h and wherein characteristics (i)-(vii) are achieved without an oxygen-removing hydrotreatment step.
46. A thermally stable bio-oil composition derived from a cellulosic biomass, wherein said bio-oil composition has a stability parameter of less than 30 cp/hr.
47. The bio-oil composition of claim 46 wherein said stability parameter is no greater than 20 cp/hr.
48. The bio-oil composition of claim 46 wherein said stability parameter is no greater than 15 cp/hr.
49. The bio-oil composition of claim 46 wherein, said stability parameter is no greater than 10 cp/hr.
50. The bio-oil composition of claim 49 , wherein said bio-oil composition:
(a) has an oxygen content no greater than about 30 weight percent,
(b) has a water content of less than about 6 weight percent,
(c) has a Conradson Carbon number of less than about 25 weight percent, and
(d) has a total acid number no greater than about 30 mgKOH/g.
51. The bio-oil composition of claim 49 , wherein said bio-oil composition:
(a) has an oxygen content of from 7 to 15 weight percent,
(b) has a water content from 1 to 4 weight percent,
(c) has a carboxylic acid content of less about 2000 ppm,
(d) contains less than about 4 weight percent of compounds having a carbonyl group,
(e) has a Conradson Carbon number of less than 22 weight percent, and
(f) has a total acid number of less than about 20 mgKOH/g.
52. The bio-oil composition of claim 46 wherein the stability parameter is less than 1 cp/h.
53. The bio-oil composition of claim 52 , wherein said bio-oil composition:
(a) has an oxygen content of from 7 to 15 weight percent,
(b) has a water content from 1 to 4 weight percent,
(c) has a carboxylic acid content of less about 2000 ppm,
(d) contains less than about 4 weight percent of compounds having a carbonyl group,
(e) has a Conradson Carbon number of less than 22 weight percent, and
(f) has a total acid number of less than about 20 mgKOH/g.