Catalyzed soot filter
Described is a catalyzed soot filter wherein the inlet coating of the filter comprises an oxidation catalyst comprising platinum (Pt) and optionally palladium (Pd), wherein the outlet coating of the filter comprises an oxidation catalyst comprising Pd and optionally Pt, wherein the Pt concentration in the outlet coating is lower than the Pt concentration in the inlet coating and wherein the weight ratio of Pt:Pd in the outlet coating is in the range of from 0:1 to 2:1; and wherein the inlet coating and the outlet coating are present on the wall flow substrate at a coating loading ratio in the range of from 0.5 to 1.5, calculated as ratio of the loading of the inlet coating (in g/inch 3 (g/(2.54 cm) 3 )):loading of the outlet coating (in g/inch 3 (g/(2.54 cm) 3 )). Systems include such catalyzed soot filters, methods of diesel engine exhaust gas treatment and methods of manufacturing catalyzed soot filters are also described.
1. A catalyzed soot filter, comprising a wall flow substrate comprising an inlet end, an outlet end, a substrate axial length extending between the inlet end and the outlet end, and a plurality of passages defined by internal walls of the wall flow filter substrate; wherein the plurality of passages comprise inlet passages having an open inlet end and a closed outlet end, and outlet passages having a closed inlet end and an open outlet end; wherein the internal walls of the inlet passages comprise an inlet coating that extends from the inlet end to an inlet coating end, thereby defining an inlet coating length, wherein the inlet coating length is x % of the substrate axial length, with 0<x≦80; wherein the internal walls of the outlet passages comprise an outlet coating that extends from the outlet end to an outlet coating end, thus defining an outlet coating length, wherein the outlet coating length is 100-x % of the substrate axial length; wherein the inlet coating length defines an upstream zone of the catalyzed soot filter and the outlet coating length defines a downstream zone of the catalyzed soot filter; wherein the inlet coating comprises an oxidation catalyst comprising platinum (Pt); wherein the outlet coating comprises an oxidation catalyst comprising Pd, wherein the Pt concentration in the outlet coating is lower than the Pt concentration in the inlet coating and wherein the weight ratio of Pt:Pd in the outlet coating is in the range of from 0:1 to 2:1; wherein the inlet coating and the outlet coating are present on the wall flow substrate at a coating loading ratio in the range of from 0.5 to 1.5, calculated as ratio of the loading of the inlet coating (in g/inch 3 (g/(2.54 cm) 3 )): loading of the outlet coating (in g/inch 3 (g/(2.54 cm) 3 )).
2. The catalyzed soot filter of claim 1 , wherein x is in the range of from 20 to 50.
3. The catalyzed soot filter of claim 1 , wherein the coating loading ratio is in the range of from 0.75 to 1.05.
4. The catalyzed soot filter of claim 1 , wherein the loading of the inlet coating is in the range of from 0.05 to 1 g/inch 3 (g/(2.54 cm)3), and wherein the loading of the outlet coating is in the range of from 0.05 to 1 g/inch 3 (g/(2.54 cm) 3 ).
5. The catalyzed soot filter of claim 1 , wherein in the inlet coating, the weight ratio of Pt:Pd is in the range of from 1:0 to 2.5:1.
6. The catalyzed soot filter of claim 1 , wherein in the inlet coating, the weight ratio of Pt:Pd is 1:0.
7. The catalyzed soot filter of claim 1 , wherein in the outlet coating, the weight ratio of Pt:Pd is in the range of from 0:1 to 1:1.
8. The catalyzed soot filter of claim 1 , wherein in the outlet coating, the weight ratio of Pt:Pd is 0:1.
9. The catalyzed soot filter of claim 1 , wherein the weight ratio of the sum of the weights of Pt and Pd in the inlet coating to the sum of the weight of Pd and Pt in the outlet coating is in the range of from 1:6 to 10:1.
10. The catalyzed soot filter of claim 9 , wherein the weight ratio of the sum of the weights of Pt and Pd in the inlet coating to the sum of the weights of Pd and Pt in the outlet coating is in the range of from 1:3 to 1:1.
11. The catalyzed soot filter of claim 9 , wherein in the inlet coating, the weight ratio of Pt:Pd is 1:0 and the concentration of Pt is in the range of from 0.5 to 1 g/ft 3 (g/(30.48 cm) 3 ), and wherein in the outlet coating, the weight ratio of Pt:Pd is 0:1 and the concentration of Pd is in the range of from 0.5 to 3 g/ft (g/(30.48 cm) 3 ).
12. The catalyzed soot filter of claim 9 , wherein the weight ratio of the sum of the weights of Pt and Pd in the inlet coating to the sum of the weight of Pd and Pt in the outlet coating is in the range of from 5:1 to 8:1.
13. The catalyzed soot filter of claim 12 , wherein in the inlet coating, the weight ratio of Pt:Pd is in the range of from 1:0 to 0:4, and the concentration of Pt is in the range of from 15 to 40 g/ft 3 (g/(30.48 cm) 3 ), and wherein in the outlet coating, the weight ratio of Pt:Pd 0:1, and the concentration of Pd is in the range of from 4 to 6 g/ft 3 (g/(30.48 cm) 3 ).
14. The catalyzed soot filter of claim 1 , wherein the inlet coating and the outlet coating comprise at least one porous support material, wherein the at least one porous support material of the inlet coating is selected from the group consisting of Al 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 , CeO 2 , SiO 2 and a mixture of two or more thereof, and wherein the at least one porous support material of the outlet coating selected from the group consisting of Al 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 , CeO 2 , SiO 2 and a mixture of two or more thereof.
15. The catalyzed soot filter of claim 14 , wherein the support material of the inlet coating is Al 2 O 3 , and wherein the support material of the outlet coating is gamma Al 2 O 3 .
16. The catalyzed soot filter of claim 1 , wherein the wall flow substrate has a porosity in the range of from 38 to 75, determined according to mercury porosity measurement according to DIN 66133, wherein the wall flow substrate is specifically a cordierite substrate or a silicon carbide substrate.
17. The catalyzed soot filter of claim 1 , wherein the inlet coating comprises an oxidation catalyst comprising Pt and Pd.
18. The catalyzed soot filter of claim 1 , wherein the outlet coating comprises an oxidation catalyst comprising Pd and Pt.
19. A system for treating a diesel engine exhaust stream comprising the catalyzed soot filter of claim 1 , the system further comprising an exhaust conduit in fluid communication with the diesel engine via an exhaust manifold, and further comprising one or more of the following in fluid communication with the catalyzed soot filter: a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC), a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) article, an NOx storage and reduction (NSR) catalytic article.
20. The system of claim 19 , wherein the catalyzed soot filter is dowstream of the DOC.
21. A method of treating diesel engine exhaust stream, the exhaust stream containing soot particles, said method contacting the exhaust stream with the catalyzed soot filter of claim 1 .
22. The method of claim 21 , wherein the exhaust stream is contacted with the catalyzed soot filter after having directed the exhaust stream through a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC).
23. The method of claim 22 , further comprising directing the exhaust stream resulting from the DOC or from the catalyzed soot filter through a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) article.
24. A process for manufacturing a catalyzed soot filter of claim 1 , comprising (i) providing a wall flow substrate, wherein the wall flow substrate, said wall flow substrate comprising an inlet end, and outlet end, a substrate axial length extending between the inlet end and the outlet end, and a plurality of passages defined by the internal walls of the wall flow substrate; wherein the plurality of passages comprise inlet passages having an open inlet end and a closed outlet end, and outlet passages having a closed inlet end and an open outlet end; (ii) applying an inlet coating to the internal walls of the inlet passages such that the inlet coating extends from the inlet end to an inlet coating end whereby an inlet coating length is defined, wherein the inlet coating length is x % of the substrate axial length with 0<x≦80, thereby adjusting the loading of the inlet coating to a predetermined value, said inlet coating comprising an oxidation catalyst comprising platinum (Pt); (iii) before (ii) or simultaneously with (ii) or after (iii), applying an outlet coating to the internal walls of the outlet passages such that the outlet coating extends from the outlet end to an outlet coating end whereby an outlet coating length is defined, wherein the outlet coating length is 100-x % of the substrate axial length, thereby adjusting the loading of the outlet coating to a predetermined value such that the inlet coating and the outlet coating are present on the wall flow substrate at a coating loading ratio in the range of from 0.5:1 to 1.5:1, calculated as ratio of the loading of the inlet coating (in g/inch 3 (g/(2.54 cm)3)):loading of the outlet coating (in g/inch 3 (g/(2.54 cm) 3 )), said outlet coating comprising an oxidation catalyst comprising Pd, wherein the Pt concentration in the outlet coating is lower than the Pt concentration in the inlet coating and wherein the weight ratio of Pt:Pd in the outlet coating is in the range of from 0:1 to 2:1.