Super-capacitor desalination devices and methods

1. A method for super-capacitor desalination, comprising:

providing a super-capacitor desalination (SCD) device comprising:

a pair of terminal electrodes,

a plurality of SCD stacks each comprising a plurality of single electrodes wherein at least two adjacent single electrodes in different SCD stacks are electrically connected in series to form at least one bipolar electrode, the at least one bipolar electrode being between the terminal electrodes, the first of the two electrically connected adjacent single electrodes having the ion exchange material disposed on a surface that faces away from the second of the two electrically connected adjacent single electrodes, and the second of the two electrically connected adjacent single electrodes having the ion exchange material disposed on a surface that faces away from the first of the two electrically connected adjacent single electrodes; and

a plurality of chambers formed between the terminal electrodes and the at least one bipolar electrode;

the ion exchange material being a cation exchange material or an anion exchange material;

supplying opposite polarities to the terminal electrodes to generate an electric field therebetween; introducing a plurality of feed streams into the chambers;

simultaneously producing at least one dilute solution in a first chamber and at least one concentrated solution in a second chamber;

periodically reversing the opposite polarities to the terminal electrodes; and

periodically switching the introduced feed streams for continuously producing the at least one dilute solution in the second chamber and the at least one concentrated solution in the first chamber.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of providing a plurality of SCD stacks comprises implanting the ion exchange material into the at least one bipolar electrode.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of providing a plurality of SCD stacks comprises coating the ion exchange material on the opposing surfaces of the at least one bipolar electrode.

4. A method for super-capacitor desalination, comprising:

providing a super-capacitor desalination (SCD) device comprising:

a pair of terminal electrodes,

a plurality of first bipolar electrodes each having a cation exchange material disposed on opposing surfaces thereof; and

a plurality of second bipolar electrodes each having an anion exchange material disposed on opposing surfaces thereof;

the plurality of first and second bipolar electrodes being between the terminal electrodes, a plurality of chambers formed between the terminal electrodes and the plurality of first and second bipolar electrodes;

supplying opposite polarities to the terminal electrodes to generate an electric field therebetween;

introducing a plurality of feed streams into the chambers;

simultaneously producing at least one dilute solution in a first chamber and at least one concentrated solution in a second chamber;

periodically reversing the opposite polarities to the terminal electrodes; and

periodically switching the introduced feed streams for continuously producing the at least one dilute solution in the second chamber and the at least one concentrated solution in the first chamber.

5. The method of claim 4 , comprising alternatively arranging the first bipolar electrodes and the second bipolar electrodes between the terminal electrodes.

6. The method of claim 4 , wherein the step of providing a SCD device comprises implanting the ion exchange material into the at least one of the bipolar electrodes.

7. The method of claim 4 , wherein the step of providing a SCD device comprises coating the ion exchange material on the opposing surfaces of at least one of the bipolar electrodes.